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Topic Review
Polyphenol-Mediated Enzyme Regulation
Polyphenols are involved in enzyme regulation, with a wide range of biological activities, and can interact with proteins through hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. These interactions can influence the function of enzymes, potentially altering their activity.
  • 371
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Advanced Omics Techniques for Cochlear Research
Advanced genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics techniques are providing unprecedented insights into the understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the central nervous system, including the neuro-sensory cochlea of the inner ear. 
  • 369
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Amino Acid Metabolism in SARS-CoV2-Infected Patients
The immune response to infectious diseases is directly influenced by metabolic activities. COVID-19 is a disease that affects the entire body and can significantly impact cellular metabolism. The most significant groups of metabolites include amino acids, which act as precursors for various major cellular components, such as proteins and nucleobases. Among the amino acids that make up proteins, nine cannot be synthesized from other compounds and must be obtained from food; these are also essential amino acids. The human body can use amino acids ingested from food to synthesize proteins and other biomolecules, but they can also be oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide to produce energy through oxidative pathways. Their involvement in synthesizing proteins and metabolic regulators makes them an excellent marker for diseases. Their chemical properties and compositions not only affect the structure and function of proteins, but also control the metabolic pathways associated with illness. Furthermore, amino acids ensure the immune response against diseases by being used in the activation of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages; in the cellular redox status, gene expression, and lymphocyte proliferation; and in the production of antibodies, cytokines, lymphokines, and cytotoxic substances.
  • 367
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Epigenetic Regulation of Alternative Isoforms in Cancer
While significant strides have been made in understanding cancer biology, the enhancement in patient survival is limited, underscoring the urgency for innovative strategies. Epigenetic modifications characterized by hereditary shifts in gene expression without changes to the DNA sequence play a critical role in producing alternative gene isoforms. When these processes go awry, they influence cancer onset, growth, spread, and cancer stemness.
  • 366
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Computational Estimates of Passive Permeability in Drug Discovery
Passive permeation of cellular membranes is a key feature of many therapeutics. The relevance of passive permeability spans all biological systems as they all employ biomembranes for compartmentalization.
  • 364
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Disruption of Thiol Homeostasis in NAFLD
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical–pathological syndrome characterized by excessive deposition of fat and fatty degeneration in liver cells in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption or other known causes of liver disease.  The formation of disulfide bonds is a reversible process that can be achieved through thiol–disulfide interchange.
  • 361
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Unveiling SARS-CoV-2 N501Y Mutation Mystery
The study provides a detailed computational analysis of the N501Y mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its structural implications. Key findings include: N501Y leads to significant structural shifts, especially in the RBD domain. The mutation enhances binding affinity to ACE2, making the virus potentially more transmissible. It causes secondary structure destabilization, especially in stable regions like α-helices. Hydrogen bond dynamics were significantly altered, with stronger interactions between the spike protein and ACE2, especially in the RBD domain. The N501Y mutation increases binding affinity, as evidenced by a shift in binding energy. These insights could be important for understanding the biological behavior of SARS-CoV-2 variants and designing therapeutics and vaccines that account for these structural alterations.
  • 300
  • 17 Feb 2025
Topic Review
Improved Algorithm for Indels Detection
The article "TMO: Time and Memory Optimized Algorithm Applicable for More Accurate Alignment of Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders Associated Genes" introduces a novel algorithm designed to enhance the detection of insertion/deletions (indels) in genes associated with trinucleotide repeat disorders, such as Huntington's disease.
  • 287
  • 03 Mar 2025
Topic Review
Debugging the Center-of-mass Distance Method
The paper "On the in silico application of the center-of-mass distance method", introduces a protocol for utilizing the center-of-mass (CoM) distance method within GROMACS molecular dynamics (MD) simulation software. This method is valuable for assessing changes in binding affinity in heterodimeric proteins resulting from modifications in one of the monomer units. The study hypothesizes that an increase in binding affinity correlates with a reduction in the relative CoM distance between monomers, while a decrease in binding affinity corresponds to an increase in this distance. A key finding of the research is that CoM distance analysis should be conducted during the convergent phase of the system's dynamics, once the monomers have adopted a stable conformation—a factor that is often overlooked in similar studies. The method was applied to investigate the impact of the K417Y mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 surface glycoprotein (S-protein).
  • 280
  • 03 Mar 2025
Topic Review
Phylogeny of SARS-CoV-2 and Novel Distance Function
The aim of the study titled Phylogenicity of B.1.1.7 Surface Glycoprotein, Novel Distance Function, and First Report of V90T Missense Mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Surface Glycoprotein was to address several key aspects of the evolutionary characteristics and genetic makeup of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant, particularly its spike glycoprotein (S-protein).
  • 248
  • 17 Feb 2025
Topic Review
Membrane Lipid/Protein Oxidative Nitration in Atherosclerosis
The role of oxidation and nitration of endothelial plasma memberane and lipoproteins in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The atherogenic role of nitro-tyrosine, and the protective role of nitrated fatty acids. The factors influencing endothelial lipoprotein lipase activity.
  • 227
  • 26 Jan 2025
Topic Review
Gene Regulation in the Context of Male Infertility
This study investigates the regulatory features of 26 genes linked to nonsyndromic male infertility using computational analysis. Researchers identified the number and placement of gene promoters, finding that most genes have between 1 and 6 promoters, primarily within 1 kb upstream of the transcription start site. Notably, 41% of promoters are located more than 500 bp upstream. While a common TATA box sequence is found across all genes, it is unusually positioned in the EFCAB9 gene. The C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor appears most frequently across gene promoters, while the bZIP family shows specific binding to the JUNB promoter. Additionally, two genes, NANOS1 and ZMYND15, may be less affected by DNA methylation due to high CpG content in their promoters.
  • 129
  • 24 Jun 2025
Topic Review
Connexome-Associated Pathways in Atherosclerosis
The connexome comprises the network of intercellular communication structures formed by connexins, pannexins, and associated regulatory proteins within the vasculature. These channels enable the exchange of ions, metabolites, and signaling molecules between endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts. In healthy vessels, the connexome maintains endothelial quiescence, shear stress responsiveness, and coordinated vascular homeostasis. In atherosclerosis, disturbed flow, inflammation, and oxidative stress remodel connexome composition—most notably through increased Cx43 expression, reduced Cx37/Cx40 activity, and enhanced Panx1-mediated ATP release. These alterations promote endothelial activation, leukocyte recruitment, smooth muscle proliferation, and inflammasome signaling, positioning the connexome as a central regulator of vascular dysfunction and plaque progression.
  • 34
  • 15 Dec 2025
Topic Review
Energy Price Cap
This article provides a concise analysis of Ofgem’s proposed reforms to the UK energy price cap and their impact on households, small businesses, and local authorities. It explains how the current price cap works, outlines key reform proposals such as time-of-use pricing and regional cost variation, and assesses who will face higher or lower bills. The piece also highlights equity concerns, regional disparities, and the need for support measures to protect vulnerable consumers as the UK transitions toward a decarbonised energy system.
  • 20
  • 17 Nov 2025
Topic Review
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Drug-Induced Glucose Metabolism Disorders
Pharmacological compounds can disrupt glucose homeostasis, leading to impaired glucose tolerance, hyperglycemia, or newly diagnosed diabetes, as well as worsening glycemic control in patients with pre-existing diabetes. Traditional risk factors alone cannot explain the rapidly growing global incidence of diabetes. Therefore, prevention of insulin resistance could represent an effective strategy. Achieving this goal requires a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of insulin resistance, with particular attention to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR, a transcription factor functioning as a xenobiotic sensor, plays a key role in various molecular pathways regulating normal homeostasis, organogenesis, and immune function. Activated by a range of exogenous and endogenous ligands, AhR is involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism as well as insulin sensitivity. However, current findings remain contradictory regarding whether AhR activation exerts beneficial or detrimental effects. This narrative review summarizes recent studies exploring the role of the AhR pathway in insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis across different tissues, and discusses molecular mechanisms involved in this process. Considering that several drugs act as AhR ligands, the review also compares how these ligands affect metabolic pathways of glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, producing either positive or negative effects.
  • 7
  • 12 Feb 2026
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