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Topic Review
Go Equipment
Go equipment consists of the objects that are necessary in order to play the game of Go which originated in China. Although the equipment is simple, there is a varying degree of quality and material used in making the equipment, from the economical to the extremely valuable.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing Technique for Fish Disease
CRISPR-Cas genome-editing technique can be the potential solution to preventing diseases for aquaculture sustainability. CRISPR-Cas is cheaper, easier, and more precise than the other existing genome-editing technologies and can be used as a new disease treatment tool to solve the far-reaching challenges in aquaculture. This technique may now be employed in novel ways, such as modifying a single nucleotide base or tagging a location in the DNA with a fluorescent protein.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Ghrelin and Microglia in Neuroinflammation
Numerous studies have shown that microglia are capable of producing a wide range of chemokines to promote inflammatory processes within the central nervous system (CNS). These cells share many phenotypical and functional characteristics with macrophages, suggesting that microglia participate in innate immune responses in the brain. Neuroinflammation induces neurometabolic alterations and increases in energy consumption. Microglia may constitute an important therapeutic target in neuroinflammation.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Chatusadom
Chatusadom or Catustambha (Thai: จตุสดมภ์ RTGS: Chatusadom, literally "Four Pillars" from Sanskrit Catur "Four" + Stambha "Pillars") was the Thai system of central executive governance during the Ayutthaya Kingdom, Thonburi Kingdom and Rattanakosin Kingdom from 1455 to 1892. For about four hundred years, it had served as the constitution of central government of Siam or Thailand until King Chulalongkorn organized Chatusadom into modern ministries and officially established the Cabinet on April 1, 1892.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Mega Borg Oil Spill
The Mega Borg Oil Spill occurred in the Gulf of Mexico on June 8, 1990, roughly 50 miles off the coast of Texas , when the oil tanker Mega Borg caught on fire and exploded. The cleanup was one of the first practical uses of bioremediation.
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Modeling Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneities of Cholera Dynamics
Cholera remains a significant public health burden in many countries and regions of the world, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms associated with its transmission, spread, and control. Mathematical modeling offers a valuable research tool to investigate cholera dynamics and explore effective intervention strategies. In particular, many modeling studies have been devoted to the spatial and temporal heterogeneities of cholera dynamics.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
The Impact of Cesarean on the Fetus
Birth is a physiological act that is part of the morpho-functional economy of the maternal body. Each stage in the act of birth has a predetermined pathway that is neurohormonally induced and morpho-functionally established through specific and characteristic adaptations. Cesarean section performed at the request of the mother with no medical underlying conditions besides the prolonged hospitalization risk can also cause breathing problems in children, delayed breastfeeding, and possible complications in a future pregnancy.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Cannabinoid Genotoxicity
The triple convergence of cannabinoid carcinogenesis, cannabinoid teratogenesis and the cannabinoid acceleration of aging together forms strong and theoretically robust evidence for a clinically and highly significant genotoxicity severe enough to impact numerous metrics of the population health adversely. Furthermore, both in vitro and clinical studies implicate many different cannabinoid moieties, suggesting that genotoxicity is a class effect shared by many cannabinoids—a feature now well confirmed by many epidemiological studies. This includes such allegedly benign cannabinoid species as Δ9THC, Δ8THC and cannabidiol, among several others.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Preservation of Hawaii Indigenous Culture
Vernacular architecture represents the traditional architecture that developed over time within a particular culture or region that embodied indigenous knowledge. These buildings provide an invaluable cultural heritage, and learning from them is an important way to preserve indigenous culture. 
  • 1.2K
  • 17 May 2023
Topic Review
Accumulation, Competition, and Toxicity of Divalent Cations
The binding of calcium and magnesium ions to proteins is crucial for regulating heart contraction. However, other divalent cations, including xenobiotics, can accumulate in the myocardium and enter cardiomyocytes, where they can bind to proteins.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Vascular Cambium
The vascular cambium is the main lateral meristem responsible for the secondary growth of trees. There are a number of explicit and implicit assumptions behind this statement which allow questions to be raised about the mechanism underlying the radial growth of trees. Based on the hypothesis of the diurnal strains of plant organs, it is anticipated that the process of radial growth can be understood as an adaptation to the cyclically changing mechanical stress in the radial direction generated by the phloem during the 24 h day cycle.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Data Management in Smart Grids
Given the importance of data for smart grids, proper management is required throughout its life cycle, ensuring added value, sustainability, and efficiency for stakeholders, and providing information and knowledge about the energy system’s operation and consumption practices. Therefore, data architecture facilitates the capture, storage, and processing of information to support data analysis models in smart microgrids. 
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
New Flavonoid & Myo-Inositol Supplement
Background and Aim. Cardiovascular risk is increased in women with menopause and metabolic syndrome. Aim of this study was to test the effect of a new supplement formula, combining cocoa polyphenols, myo-inositol, and soy isoflavones, on some biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.Methods and Results. A total of 60 women were enrolled and randomly assigned (n=30per group) to receive the supplement (NRT: 30 mg of cocoa polyphenols, 80 mg of soy isoflavones, and 2 gr of myo-inositol), or placebo for 6 months. The study protocol included three visits (baseline, 6, and 12 months) for the evaluation of glucose, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), adiponectin, visfatin, resistin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone-ALP). At 6 months, a significant difference between NRT and placebo was found for glucose (96±7versus108±10 mg/dL), triglycerides (145±14versus165±18 mg/dL), visfatin (2.8±0.8versus3.7±1.1 ng/mL), resistin (27±7versus32±8 µg/L), and b-ALP (19±7versus15±5 µg/mL). No difference in HDL-C concentrations nor in adiponectin levels between groups was reported at 6 months.Conclusions.The supplement used in this study improves most of the biomarkers linked to metabolic syndrome. This Trial is registered withNCT01400724.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Sphingomonas Turrisvirgatae Bacteriophage vB_StuS_MMDA13
Sphingomonas turrisvirgatae is a recently described species within the Sphingomonas genus. This species is endowed of agarolytic activity, a feature never reported before among sphingomonads. The capability of Sphingomonas sp. MCT13 to degrade agar, suggests that this strain could be potentially interesting for industrial applications in the field of complex carbohydrates degradation. Sphingomonas is a very large and heterogeneous genus, and its huge biodiversity is responsible for the challenges of obtaining a reliable identification at the species level through conventional biochemical analyses. Indeed, bacteriophages specific for S. turrisvirgatae have been looked for, both as a rapid tool to identify and collect more isolates of this species, and for obtaining hints of its ecology. vB_StuS_MMDA13 was isolated from a surface freshwater sample, obtained from a pond near Viterbo (Italy), by using the Sphingomonas turrisvirgatae MCT13T strain as host. The phage is lytic, belongs to the Siphoviridae family, and, as such, represents the first characterized lytic siphovirus able to infect a Sphingomonas species. vB_StuS_MMDA13 has a genome of ≈ 64 kb which encodes 89 potential proteins. A module for the biosynthesis of 7-deazaguanine derivatives, with a unique organization, is also present. The lysis module, which includes the endolysin, a holin/antiholin system and a Rz/Rz1 system, does not share significant similarities with other viral proteins in the databases. At the genome level vB_StuS_MMDA13 is loosely related to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infecting Nipunaviruses; however, both the 7-deazaguanine derivatives biosynthetic- and the lysis-modules are very different from these and other related bacteriophages. According to these features, we feel that vB_StuS_MMDA13 should be regarded as the type strain of a newly discovered genus within the Siphoviridae family, which we propose to name Ememdadecimater-like virus, after the short name of the first characterized phage of the genus.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Biotechnology of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids
Plants belonging to the monocotyledonous Amaryllidaceae family include about 1100 species divided among 75 genera. They are well known as medicinal and ornamental plants, producing pharmaceutically important alkaloids, the most intensively investigated of which are galanthamine and lycorine. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids possess various biological activities, the most important one being their anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Due to increased demand for Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (mainly galanthamine) and the limited availability of plant sources, in vitro culture technology has attracted the attention of researchers as a prospective alternative for their sustainable production. Plant in vitro systems have been extensively used for continuous, sustainable, and economically viable production of bioactive plant secondary metabolites. Over the past two decades, a significant success has been demonstrated in the development of in vitro systems synthesizing Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. The present material discusses the state of the art of in vitro Amaryllidaceae alkaloids production, summarizing the authors’ point of view on the development of biotechnological production processes with a focus on the future prospects of in vitro culture technology for the commercial production of these valuable alkaloids.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Childhood Myocerebrohepatopathy Spectrum
Childhood myocerebrohepatopathy spectrum, commonly called MCHS, is part of a group of conditions called the POLG-related disorders.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
AVP Gene
Arginine vasopressin
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Brain Insulin Resistance
Current hypotheses implicate insulin resistance of the brain as a pathogenic factor in the development of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, major depression, and traumatic brain injury. A variety of genetic, developmental, and metabolic abnormalities that lead to disturbances in the insulin receptor signal transduction may underlie insulin resistance. Insulin receptor substrate proteins are generally considered to be the node in the insulin signaling system that is critically involved in the development of insulin insensitivity during metabolic stress, hyperinsulinemia, and inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that lower activation of the insulin receptor (IR) is another common, while less discussed, mechanism of insulin resistance in the brain.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
ICTs in Agri-Food Logistics
A major challenge of Sustainable Development Goal 12 “Responsible Consumption and Production” is to reduce food losses along production and supply chains. This is particularly critical for fresh food products, due to their perishable and fragile nature, which makes the coordination of the actors all the more crucial to avoid wastes and losses. The rise of new technologies, referred to as “Industry 4.0” powered by the internet of things, big data analytics and artificial intelligence, could bring new solutions to meet these needs. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) allow for frequent exchanges of huge amounts of information between actors in the agrofood chains to coordinate their activities.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Metal Halide Perovskites as Photocatalysts
The possible use of MHPs as effective photocatalysts has become clear to the scientific community in the last few years. Bulk and nanocrystalline metal halide perovskites have been shown to be excellent semiconductors with suitable energy levels to run most of the key solar-driven reactions of current interest for solar fuels production. This review summarized the current status of the application of MHPs in photocatalyzed organic syntheses/transformation which to date have shown, in most of the cases, significant advantages with respect to traditional photocatalysts.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Aug 2021
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