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Topic Review
Mediterranean Diet Adherence before/after BS
To the best of current knowledge, very few studies have been performed with regards to the effects of a Mediterranean diet on bariatric surgery outcomes.
  • 833
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Chemokines and Innate Lymphoid Cells in Skin Inflammation
As the outermost barrier, skin plays an important role in protecting our bodies against outside invasion. Under stable conditions or during inflammation, leukocytes migration is essential for restoring homeostasis in the skin. Immune cells trafficking is orchestrated by chemokines; leukocytes express receptors that bind to chemokines and trigger migration. The homeostasis of the immune ecosystem is an extremely complicated dynamic process that requires the cooperation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Emerging studies have been shedding a light on the unique characteristics of skin-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs).
  • 832
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Many tumors eventually become resistant to hormones, chemotherapy, and radiation by avoiding apoptosis.
  • 828
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Fusion Genes in Diseases and Their Detection
Oncogenic fusion proteins, arising from chromosomal rearrangements, have emerged as prominent drivers of tumorigenesis and crucial therapeutic targets in cancer research. The detection of gene fusions is essential for the identification of cancer and the development of targeted therapeutic approaches.
  • 827
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
The Immune Response in Primary- and Immunotherapy-Induced Hypophysitis
Hypophysitis is a rare and potentially life-threatening disease, characterized by an elevated risk of complications, such as the occurrence of acute central hypoadrenalism, persistent hypopituitarism, or the extension of the inflammatory process to the neighboring neurological structures. In recent years, a large number of cases has been described. The diagnosis of hypophysitis is complex because it is based on clinical and radiological criteria. Due to this, the integration of molecular and genetic biomarkers can help physicians in the diagnosis of hypophysitis and play a role in predicting disease outcome.
  • 825
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Intraparenchymal CNS Metastases
Central nervous system (CNS) metastases can occur in a high percentage of systemic cancer patients and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Almost any histology can find its way to the brain, but lung, breast, and melanoma are the most common pathologies seen in the CNS from metastatic disease.
  • 824
  • 16 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Receptor–Receptor Interactions and Glial Cell
The discovery that receptors from all families can establish allosteric receptor–receptor interactions and variably associate to form receptor complexes operating as integrative input units endowed with a high functional and structural plasticity has expanded our understanding of intercellular communication. Regarding the nervous system, most research in the field has focused on neuronal populations and has led to the identification of many receptor complexes representing an important mechanism to fine-tune synaptic efficiency. Receptor–receptor interactions, however, also modulate glia–neuron and glia–glia intercellular communication, with significant consequences on synaptic activity and brain network plasticity.
  • 823
  • 18 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Nanomedicine-Based Delivery for Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women globally. It is caused by mutations in the estrogen/progesterone receptors and conventional treatment methods are commonly utilized. About 70–80 percent of individuals with the early-stage non-metastatic disease may be cured.
  • 823
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Neoadjuvant Therapy in Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is the most fatal and frequently diagnosed malignant tumor. Neoadjuvant therapy is a promising approach for prolonging survival and increasing the chance of cure rates for patients with potentially resectable disease. Currently, many therapeutic alternatives, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, are continually being explored to enrich the content of neoadjuvant therapy.
  • 820
  • 29 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Thymic Carcinoma
Thymic epithelial tumors consist of thymoma and thymic carcinoma (TC), which are rare neoplasms. Notably, TC is a dismal entity that easily depicts recurrence after surgical resection. In patients with metastatic or advanced TC, systemic chemotherapy is widely chosen to decrease tumor growth and metastasis.
  • 820
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common cause of valvular heart disease. Although many patients with MVP have a benign course, there is increasing recognition of an arrhythmic phenotype associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with arrhythmias include cardiac fibrosis, mechanical stress induced changes in ventricular refractory periods, as well as electrophysiologic changes in Purkinje fibers. 
  • 819
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Oxytocin for Methamphetamine Use Disorder
The treatment of substance abuse with oxytocin is a novel approach to a challenging public health issue that continues to contribute to a growing economic cost for societies worldwide. Methamphetamine addiction is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and despite advances in understanding the neurobiology of methamphetamine addiction, treatment options are limited. The effects of oxytocin on methamphetamine use outlined should act as a catalyst for further investigation into the efficacy of treating stimulant use disorder, methamphetamine type with oxytocin in humans. 
  • 814
  • 14 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Antineoplastic Therapy Involved in Hypersensitivity Reactions
As widely accepted at present, in addition to their benefits, medicines can also be accompanied by side effects and adverse reactions, of which some can be detrimental to therapies or even life-threatening. In some cases, these effects are enabled or enhanced by certain individual-specific hypersensitivity. Among other manifestations, adverse reactions to drugs resulting from excessive sensitivity may include anaphylaxis. Given that regular toxicity studies are not relevant to point to possible delayed hypersensitivity reactions triggered by systemic products and from the perspective of mechanisms involved in the early and late stages phases of hypersensitivity events, in vitro and in vivo tests remain the means to reveal the cells activated and the mediators released in this process.
  • 812
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Oleuropein in the Anti-Diabetic Action
Substantial consumption of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), vegetables, legumes, fruits, and whole grain cereals is the distinctive feature of the Mediterranean diet that replicates some of the traditional eating habits of the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. 
  • 811
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Pathogenesis of SLE
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multiple organ involvement predominantly affecting women of childbearing age. Environmental factors, as well as genetic predisposition, can cause immunological disturbances that manifest as SLE. A habitual high-fat diet and obesity have recently been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The frequency of obesity is higher in patients with SLE than in general populations. Vitamin D and adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, are possible mediators connecting obesity and SLE. 
  • 807
  • 21 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Immunotherapy for Peritoneal Metastases from Gastric Cancer
Peritoneal metastases from gastric cancer play a key role in the fatal prognosis of the disease. The lack of efficacy of actual therapeutic approaches together with the outcomes achieved with checkpoint inhibitors in gastric cancer compel us to address the current state-of-the-art immunotherapy treatment of peritoneal dissemination. The immunogenicity of the peritoneum has been described to be particularly active at omentum and peritoneal lymph nodes.
  • 807
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Sex Disparity in Cardiovascular Disease
Among cardiovascular diseases, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) shows significant differences in occurrence rate, prognosis and efficacy of treatment between male and female patients. Genomics and epigenomics approaches together with epidrugs design and drug repositioning could fill the sex-gap.
  • 807
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Spontaneous Bladder Rupture after Normal Vaginal Delivery
Spontaneous bladder rupture during labor or postpartum is an extremely rare condition. Increased visceral pressure, weakening of the bladder, and vesical catheterization performed during labor are predisposing factors.
  • 804
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Mucosal Mast Cells in Food Allergies
Mucosal mast cells (MMCs) localized in the intestinal mucosa play a key role in the development of IgE-mediated food allergies. Recent advances have revealed that MMCs are a distinctly different population from connective tissue mast cells localized in skin and other connective tissues. MMCs are inducible and transient cells that arise from bone marrow-derived mast cell progenitors, and their numbers increase rapidly during mucosal allergic inflammation. However, the mechanism of the dramatic expansion of MMCs and their cell functions are not well understood.
  • 803
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
NRF2 in Mycobacterial Infection
NRF2 is a transcription factor that regulates the cellular defense against toxic and oxidative insults through the expression of genes involved in the oxidative stress response and drug detoxification. NRF2 activation makes cells resistant to chemical carcinogens and inflammatory challenges. The mechanisms of NRF2 activation by oxidative stress have been understood at a molecular level.
  • 802
  • 06 Dec 2021
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