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Topic Review
Construction Projects Based on the Causes of Claims
Conflict in human relations is unavoidable; therefore, it can occur in construction projects that are full of many human relationships. These conflicts can lead to claims if interlocutors do not agree. The main result of the claims is the delay and overrun of costs in construction projects. Additionally, poor management of claims affects the success of construction projects and their budget and schedule. Moreover, controlling claims ensures the successful completion of construction projects and minimizes delays and disputes. 
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Double-Row Pile Supporting Structure
Double-row pile supporting systems are mainly used in temporary engineering as a protection measure to ensure the smooth construction of the underground section of the main part of the structures and the safety of the environment around the foundation pit. During the process of urbanization, the density of high-rise, super-high-rise, and underground buildings in cities has increased, and the utilization rate of underground space has been increasing. Influenced by the foundation of adjacent structures and the complex underground environment, the double-row pile supporting structure has attracted wide attention. Based on the existing single-row pile, and by adding a row of piles behind it, the double-row pile supporting structure evolves from this. The double-row pile structure is mainly composed of the front pile, the back pile, the crown beam, and the connecting beam.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Non-Invasive Indoor Thermal Discomfort Detection
Since 1997, scientists have been trying to utilize new non-invasive approaches for thermal discomfort detection, which promise to be more effective for comparing frameworks that need direct responses from users. Due to rapid technological development in the bio-metrical field, a systematic literature review to investigate the possibility of thermal discomfort detection at the work place by non-invasive means using bio-sensing technology was performed. Firstly, the problem intervention comparison outcome context (PICOC) framework was introduced in the study to identify the main points for meta-analysis and, in turn, to provide relevant keywords for the literature search. In total, 2776 studies were found and processed using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology. After filtering by defined criterion, 35 articles were obtained for detailed investigation with respect to facility types used in the experiment, amount of people for data collection and algorithms used for prediction of the thermal discomfort event. The given study concludes that there is potential for the creation of non-invasive thermal discomfort detection models via utilization of bio-sensing technologies, which will provide a better user interaction with the built environment, potentially decrease energy use and enable better productivity. There is definitely room for improvement within the field of non-invasive thermal discomfort detection, especially with respect to data collection, algorithm implementation and sample size, in order to have opportunities for the deployment of developed solutions in real life. Based on the literature review, the potential of novel technology is seen to utilize a more intelligent approach for performing non-invasive thermal discomfort prediction. The architecture of deep neural networks should be studied more due to the specifics of its hidden layers and its ability of hierarchical data extraction. This machine learning algorithm can provide a better model for thermal discomfort detection based on a data set with different types of bio-metrical variables.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Framework for Building Resilient Water and Infrastructure Systems
Planning and developing resilient socio-technical and natural systems to cope with and respond to unprecedented changes has been one of the top goals of government bodies, researchers, and practitioners worldwide. 
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Orthotropic Steel–UHPC Composite Deck
Although orthotropic steel decks (OSDs) have been widely used in the construction of long-span bridges, there are frequently reported fatigue cracks after years of operation, and the bridge deck overlay also presents severe damage due to OSD crack-induced stiffness reduction. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), recognized as the most innovative cementitious composites and the next generation of high-performance materials, shows high strength, ductility, toughness, and good performance on durability. After its first application to the OSD bridge in the early 2000s, the orthotropic steel–UHPC composite deck has been comprehensively studied worldwide.
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Soft Computing Applications
Air quality models simulate the atmospheric environment systems and provide increased domain knowledge and reliable forecasting. They provide early warnings to the population and reduce the number of measuring stations. Due to the complexity and non-linear behavior associated with air quality data, soft computing models became popular in air quality modeling (AQM). This study critically investigates, analyses, and summarizes the existing soft computing modeling approaches. Among the many soft computing techniques in AQM, this article reviews and discusses artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), evolutionary ANN and SVM, the fuzzy logic model, neuro-fuzzy systems, the deep learning model, ensemble, and other hybrid models. Besides, it sheds light on employed input variables, data processing approaches, and targeted objective functions during modeling. The discussion in this paper will help to determine the suitability and appropriateness of a particular model for a specific modeling context.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Shotcrete
With the swift global development of tunnels, mines, subways, water conservancy and hydropower projects, and so on, shotcrete, as an advanced support method, is widely applied to surrounding rock control and roadway closure. Shotcrete is a kind of concrete formed by mixing concrete materials, such as gel material, aggregate, and so on, into the ejection equipment, by means of compressed air or other power transmission, and sprayed onto the spray surface at high speed. Shotcrete technology was first used in mining and civil engineering by the United States in 1914. It has a history of more than 100 years. 
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Architecture, Engineering and Construction Industry
The architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) sector is a significant driver of economic activity around the world. Structure- and workplace-related safety accidents have the potential to be life-threatening. Unfortunately, these are always some of the most overlooked things in the sector.
  • 1.3K
  • 05 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Properties of Fibers
Fibers that are commonly used to reinforce the binding matrix in concrete are typically made of steel, basalt, carbon, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), glass, and natural fibers.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Novel Manufacturing Methods for Textile-Reinforced Concrete
Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is a composite material consisting of a concrete matrix with a high-performance reinforcement made of technical textiles. TRC offers unique mechanical properties for the construction industry, enabling the construction of lightweight, material-minimized structures with high load-bearing potential. In addition, compared with traditional concrete design, TRC offers unique possibilities to realize free-form, double-curved structures. 
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Thermal Bridges
Thermal bridges are caused by full or partial penetration of the building envelope by materials with different thermal conductivities, changes in fabric thickness, and/or differences between internal and external areas, such as those found at wall/floor/ceiling junctions).
  • 1.3K
  • 12 May 2022
Topic Review
The Energy Potential of the Lower Vistula River
The Vistula River in Poland is considered an international waterway. The power production potential of the river has been taken into account over the years. However, further configurations are needed to obtain a more in-depth ecological knowledge-base and economic plans, which are socially approved.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Performance of Unreinforced Masonry Walls in Compression
Unreinforced masonry (URM) is a construction of brick or concrete block unit that is joined together using mortar, without steel reinforcement. Because of the heterogeneous nature and difference in mechanical properties of the masonry elements, analyzing and capturing the structural behaviour of URM walls under various loading conditions is therefore complex. 
  • 1.3K
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
SuPerPave® Recycled Asphalt Mix-Design Guidelines
Superpave® recycled asphalt mix-design guidelines are a reference for engineers and researchers concerned with reusing RAP (Reclaymed Asphalt Pavement) in asphalt concrete mixtures designed according to the Superpave® system.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation in Unsaturated Soil
Unsaturated soil is a form of natural soil whose pores are filled by air and water. Different from saturated soil, the microstructure of unsaturated soil consists of three phases, namely, the solid phase (soil particle), vapor phase, and liquid phase. Due to the matric suction of soil pores, the hydraulic and mechanical behaviors of unsaturated soils present a significant dependence on the moisture condition, which usually results in a series of unpredictable risks, including foundation settlement, landslide, and dam collapse. Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a novel and environmentally friendly technology that can improve the water stability of unsaturated soft or expansive soils.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Aggregate on Geopolymer Concrete
The construction industry has become one of the major consumers of renewable and non-renewable natural resources and environment-polluting industries. The development of new green construction materials has become a global need and a driver for recent research trends. The use of geopolymer binders can reduce the consumption of ordinary cement and utilize several wastes that are usually dumped in landfills, causing several environmental issues.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Properties and Applications of Geopolymer Mortar
Classic cement mortar is often utilised as a standard binding and repairing material in various engineering structures. Many scholars have addressed GPM’s viability and potential applications as a suitable replacement for regular cement mortar. Sathonsaowaphak was the first to investigate geopolymer mortar and studied the properties of bottom ash fineness, ash/liquid alkali ratio, NaOH/Na2SiO3 ratio, NaOH dosage, water to ash ratio, and superplasticiser on the behaviour in terms of workability and compressive strength of GPM. Geopolymer mortar has a mechanical strength of 24–58 MPa, and adding NaOH solution improves the workability performance of GPM without reducing strength. According to the results of Detphan and Chindaprasirt, who prepared GPC using rice husk ash and fly ash and activated by NaOH and NaSiO3 solution as a liquid for the mix, they found that the maximum strength of GPM is acquired by employing a Na2SiO3-to-NaOH mass ratio of four. Moreover, more discussion about geopolymer mortar properties is reported in the following Content.
  • 1.3K
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Rainfall Forecasting
Various rtificial intelligence techniques (AITs), including artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machine (SVM), and Fuzzy logic (FL), have been employed for rainfall forecasting. These techniques have been used to model the relationships between meteorological variables and rainfall and to predict future rainfall based on historical data.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Obstacles of Alkali-Activated Binders as a Sustainable Alternative
Alkali-activated binders (AABs) are prepared from solid low- or high-calcium aluminosilicate precursors in a strongly alkaline environment, thus generating hardened binders with cement-like properties. In the contemporary literature, the issue of the necessity of distinguishing between AABs and geopolymers has been widely discussed. A geopolymer is defined as a polymer created by the partial dissolution of an aluminosilicate source in a user-friendly alkaline or acidic medium to construct three-dimensional polymeric networks. On the other hand, the mechanism for the creation of AABs is similar to that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), where, instead of calcium silicate hydrate gel, potassium or sodium aluminosilicate hydrate is available. Davidovits makes a distinction even between a geopolymer cement and a binder, stating that cement refers to a binding system that hardens at room temperature (e.g., OPC), while a binder requires heat setting.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
Sensors in Civil Engineering
The vital role of civil engineering is to enable the development of modern cities and establish foundations for smart and sustainable urban environments of the future. Quantum sensors with unprecedented measurement sensitivity, accuracy, and robustness unveil novel capabilities for city planners and decision-makers to cope with the multifaceted challenges of future cities. Being one of the first-in-the-field studies advocating for adopting quantum sensors across four primary domains of civil engineering, the basis for the discourse about the scope and timeline for the beginning of the quantum transformation of civil engineering was established.
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Feb 2024
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