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Topic Review
Evaluating Transition towards Circular Economy in European Union
The term circular economy (CE) has existed in the literature since the 1960s. In recent years, it gained significant notability in Europe with the introduction of the circular economy concept into the policy and strategy of the European Union (EU) in 2014 (COM/2014/0398) and the launch of the first Circular Economy Action Plan of the European Commission (COM/2015/0614 Final) in 2015 continued by a new Circular Economy Action Plan: For a cleaner and more competitive Europe (COM(2020)0098). One important step towards CE mainstreaming is the development of suitable indicators that would help measure the state of transition in both absolute and relative/comparative terms. Assessing countries’ performance in achieving the goals of the circular economy is a challenge due to the lack of a generally accepted methodology, the multitude of indicators, and the insufficient data. Countries may be compared in a narrow way, according to single indicators, but a more holistic synthetic assessment of countries is also needed to determine their position against each other.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Energy and Industry 4.0 Nexus in Spain
Technological development has profoundly marked the evolution of the economy. The constant changes brought about by scientific and technological advances have been decisive in the transition from an analogue to a digital world. In this context, the impact of the fourth industrial revolution (or Industry 4.0) manifests itself in many ways. Environmental impact is one of these. The energy sector has been evolving and changing just like the economy and society. 
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Circular Economy under Multi-Parametric Approach
A circular economy (CE) is conceptualized under different rounds of materials and energy cycling flows and is a matter of a three-level deployment: inter-enterprise circulation, regional circulation, and social circulation. 
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Stablecoins
A stablecoin is a digital currency issued by a private company or financial institution, with its value pegged to a fiat currency, basket of fiat currencies, or commodity, such as gold. Because this paper considers only stablecoins pegged to fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar or euro, we use “fsCOIN,” as our abbreviation for a “fiat-currency-denominated stablecoin”.
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Factors Affecting Income of Flexible Workers in China
Numerous workers have adopted the flexible working approach due to its accommodating and job-sharing features, which play a key role in easing the employment pressure and maintaining socio-economic sustainability in China. It was found that, firstly, while the feature of flexible employment may be very different from formal employment, its relationship with work experience and income is as significantly correlated as it is for formal employment with a rise–fall, inverted U-shaped trend, but the return on work experience is lower than the employment level in the labor market. Secondly, there is an income gap between genders, especially in physical labor-intensive forms of flexible work; women can gradually narrow the gender income gap through continuous learning. Thirdly, the return on work experience in the older age group is lower than that in the youth group of flexible workers, and this may be due to the dynamic evolution of the elimination of existing work experience and the accumulation of new work experience. Fourthly, in contrast with the findings of the labor market as a whole, the trend of work experience return in flexible employment is reversed; the low-income group’s return rate of work experience is higher than that of the high-income group, and it can be seen that flexible employment is conducive to the development of new and young workers.
  • 1.0K
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Digital Economy, Waste Treatment and Urban Waste
Waste management has always been an integral part of urban governance, and in the post-pandemic era, the choice of waste disposal methods has become a focal point of public attention. While there is existing literature pointing to new waste disposal methods, such as the conversion of biomass-derived polymers into functional biochar materials through pyrolysis, according to the Chinese Urban Statistical Yearbook, there are currently two primary waste disposal methods: landfill disposal and incineration.
  • 1.0K
  • 03 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Urbanisation on Green Growth within Sustainable Development Goals
Urbanisation enhances dissemination of the green knowledge and innovative technologies, bridging gaps in living conditions and making services (health, digital, etc.) available and affordable.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Trade Openness
The positive impact of energy consumption on economic growth in West Africa has shown a significant lag effect, and energy consumption has a strong trade-dependent relationship to economic promotion. Trade opening and economic growth in West Africa are mutually reinforcing in the long run. Next, the role of foreign trade in boosting economic growth is more significant in countries with lower levels of economic development. Finally, when replacing the energy consumption indicator with CO2 emissions, the results remain robust. Considering the regional development differences, grouping countries by GDP per capita reveals that there exists a bilateral causal relationship between energy consumption and trade openness in the higher economic development group. The impact of trade openness on economic growth is more remarkable in countries with lower levels of economic development in West Africa.
  • 1.0K
  • 07 May 2022
Topic Review
Environmental Benefits of Geopolymers
The global concerns about environmental sustainability have roused interest in innovative green technologies, including those related to geopolymer production. Geopolymers are aluminosilicate synthetic materials obtained from a reactive powder of silicon and aluminium (i.e., precursor) mixed with an activating alkaline solution (i.e., activator), whose process is commonly named the alkali activation process. Moreover, their structure makes them very versatile thanks to some features, namely chemical attacks and fire resistance, thus suitable in different sectors, particularly in the building and restoration ones.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
The Bretton Woods Agreement
The Bretton Woods Agreement refers to the international monetary and financial framework established during the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in July 1944. The agreement aimed to regulate the international monetary and financial order post-World War II, establishing key institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The Bretton Woods system promoted exchange rate stability, international trade, and economic cooperation. It anchored the U.S. dollar as the central reserve currency, tied to gold, and facilitated the post-war reconstruction of Europe and the economic stabilization of war-torn nations.
  • 963
  • 16 Oct 2025
Topic Review
Fiscal Federalism Nexus
The hypothetical allocative efficiency of fiscal federalism and its potential welfare impact have fueled the increased fiscal authority of subnational governments experienced in most countries around the world.
  • 955
  • 23 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Macroeconomic Factors and Economic Growth in Palestine
It is an immense need in the current age to sustain economic growth to ensure a better living standard for residents of a country. For this purpose, policy officials make strategies and focus on other economic indicators including trade, investment, borrowing, and inflation, etc., to escalate their country’s economic growth. In this regard, many studies explore different factors affecting economic growth. The empirical outputs of these studies suggest the dynamic association between different macroeconomic factors and economic growth in different economies of the world. The emerging literature is silent on quantifying the dynamic effect of such factors on the economic growth of Palestine.
  • 950
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Evaluating Labour Market Flexibility Using the TOPSIS Method
TOPSIS is employed by comparing spatial (i.e., different countries) and temporal (i.e., long-time horizon) terms. Sustainable industrial relations processes are considered in shaping the flexibility of the labour market in 15 European Union Member States from 2009 to 2018. Countries are grouped into classes to provide a basis for benchmarking results against social and employment policies implemented at the national level. 
  • 947
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
The Current Green Economy Situations in European Union
Energy is undoubtedly one of the fundamental factors in the development of economies around the world. This is particularly evident during crises related to the reduction of supplies or the lack of energy sources. For example, the oil crisis of the 1970s of the twentieth century showed the problem of energy security, which has returned today and is one of the important topics of discussion in the European Union (EU) countries. Changes in the situation of the energy markets and geopolitical conditions show that the problem of energy security is fundamental for the functioning of modern economies. It directly influences economic development and other strategic areas, including the Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs and the Millennium Development Goals.
  • 945
  • 22 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Logistics and Economy in China
China’s economy has stepped up from the high-speed growth stage to the high-quality development stage. There are great regional differences in high-quality economic development, high-quality logistics development and their coupling coordination degree in China. In the areas with high-quality economic development, the logistics industry is not necessarily high quality, and the coupling coordination degree between the logistics industry and high-quality economic development is generally not high. The main reason for this is that the coordination between the logistics industry and high-quality economic development is poor. While vigorously improving the high-quality level of the logistics industry, it should strengthen the high-quality connection between the logistics industry and the economy, so as to form a situation of mutual promotion and common development. 
  • 941
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Indicators System for Modern Regional Innovation Systems
In general terms, the features of the innovation strategies of the countries that affect the indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of their national and regional systems differ in many ways.
  • 936
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Food Preferences during COVID-19 Lockdown
Changes in consumers' total food consumption reflect individual food preference during the COVID-19 lockdown.  In addition,  changes in consumers’ food expenditure represent consumers' behavioral preference. Furthermore, trends in shopping behaviors towards food products with sustainable attributes also reflect food preferences during the lockdown.
  • 927
  • 14 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Tourism Brand Management and COVID-19
The ongoing rapid spread of COVID-19 has severely impacted all sectors across the globe. The tourism industry is one of the most sensitive sectors in any crisis and also tends to be one of the last to recover after a crisis. During a crisis, survival is the key issue for all businesses. Many businesses learnt from the SARS epidemic of 2002 and realized that crisis management, i.e., the concept of developing a recovery plan, is vital. Brands tend to be significantly affected during a crisis if not properly managed, and it often requires significant resources to ensure that a brand survives during a period of adversity.
  • 926
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Competition (Companies)
Company competition, or competitiveness, pertains to the ability and performance of a firm, sub-sector or country to sell and supply goods and services in a given market, in relation to the ability and performance of other firms, sub-sectors or countries in the same market. It involves one company trying to figure out how to take away market share from another company.
  • 925
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Monetary & Financial Sustainability
The attention focuses on the State’s coercive intervention according to the principles of political economy, capital theory and Austrian business economic cycles.
  • 913
  • 13 May 2021
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