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Topic Review
Diabetic Foot
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of diabetic foot in the world is about 6%, and it is estimated that approximately one out of every six diabetic individuals will experience a foot ulcer in their life. In those individuals, DFU increases mortality and morbidity as well as the risk of going through amputation. Patients with DFU, especially if it does not heal or recurs, report poor quality of life (QoL). DFU is associated with frequent hospitalization and rising costs of treatment. DFU pathophysiology is due to neuropathy, trauma, and peripheral artery occlusive disease (Peripheral neuropathy, including both sensory and motor fibers as well as autonomic nerve fibers, is often an underdiagnosed complication in patients with diabetes.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Organizational Retaliatory Behavior
Organizational retaliatory behavior (ORB) is a form of workplace deviance. ORB is defined in the bottom up sense as an employee's reacting against a perceived injustice from their employer. ORB is also a top down issue occurring when an employee speaks out or acts in an unfavorable way against the employer. The International Journal of Conflict Management divides ORB into four different conceptual indicators: rule breaking, level or work behavior, affective commitment, and turnover intention. All of these are forms of workplace deviance.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
International Migration from (Anglophone) Cameroon
In Africa, international migration to the Global North is often interpreted as a means to achieve upward social mobility. This article highlights the importance of considering the socio-economic and political transformations that form migration aspirations, especially among African youths. Simultaneously, increasing restrictive migration regimes impacts the extent to which migrants can meet the clauses in the moral economy of migration in their origin communities. We focus on (Anglophone) Cameroon, where international migration is referred to as “bushfalling”. A person who migrates to a Western society desires or is expected to return home to share the wealth he/she has accumulated. This interpretation of migration forms different perspectives regarding migrants and guides expectations towards returned migrants. However, little is known on how these expectations are defined and redefined in the society of return. Based on focus group discussions conducted among local community members, we show that the expectations were guided by the visa regimes of destination countries. Moreover, successful returnees were defined by their ability to be visible and create an impact after return. Thus, this article contributes more broadly to an African perspective on the meaning and impact of return migration.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Reflexivity
Reflexivity, within the realm of social sciences, refers to the reciprocal relationship between an individual's thoughts, actions, and the social structures in which they are embedded. Coined by sociologist Anthony Giddens, this concept acknowledges that individuals both shape and are shaped by their social context, creating a dynamic interplay where self-awareness influences social structures, and vice versa. This reflexive process underscores the constant mutual influence between an individual's understanding of their identity and the broader societal dynamics in which they participate.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Portugal Gender Equality and Modernity
The transformations related to the modernisation of Portuguese society triggered by the implementation of democracy did not fully accommodate gender equality. In particular, when we consider the areas where the most progress has been made in keeping with a broadly shared urge for modernisation, education and science; whereas women have contributed to boosting the Portuguese population’s level of education, thus inverting the worst legacy of the dictatorship and developing scientific research, gender inequalities are still visible in highly qualified professions. 
  • 1.4K
  • 27 May 2021
Topic Review
Industrial Animal Farming and COVID-19
The threat of zoonoses (i.e., human infectious diseases transmitted from animals) because of industrial animal farming may be receiving less attention in society due to the putative wildlife origin of COVID-19. To identify societal responses to COVID-19 that do address or affect the risk of future zoonoses associated with industrial animal farming, the literature was screened for measures, actions, proposals and attitudes following the guidelines of a scoping review. Forty-one articles with relevant information published between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2021 were identified directly or indirectly via bibliographies from 138 records retrieved via Google Scholar. Analysis of relevant content revealed ten fields of policy action amongst which biosecurity and change in dietary habits were the dominant topics. Further search for more relevant records within each field of policy action retrieved another 8 articles. Identified responses were furthermore classified and evaluated according to groups of societal actors, implying different modes of regulation and governance. Based on the results, a suggested policy strategy is presented for moving away from food production in factory farms and supporting sustainable farming, involving the introduction of a tax on the demand side and subsidies for the development and production of alternative meat.
  • 1.4K
  • 31 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Sexism
Sexism is a systemic form of discrimination based on an individual's gender, typically directed against women and girls. It involves the reinforcement of stereotypes, unequal treatment, and the marginalization of individuals based on their gender, perpetuating a social hierarchy that disadvantages women in various aspects of life, including education, employment, and societal roles.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
COVID19 Immunity To Immunology
Immunity is an important term directly related to prevent any kind of infection spreading -particularly Covid19 under this pandemic situation . The specs of immunity depends on various factors like Foods & Diets , Environment / Ecology , Good Habits , Natural Remedies like Herbs & Anti-Oxidant therapy. Now we will discuss the every aspects of Immunity for boosting it up for a natural prevention of Covid19 ! . It is our sociological consiousnrss to maintain  strictly our immune system will be strong enough to fight against this Viral Curse .In the Pandemic world of Covid19 there are 300 types of vaccine-evelopment works are ongoing . In india also we have seen SII ( Pune ) are under trial of Phase2-3 trials . AstraZeneca - Oxford university , Cansino , Pfizer are trying under trial vaccine . As we are all aware that it is a long way to  nd out the ethical trial ( Clinical eciency ) universally U.S.S.R has been under claim stage . We the common people are in good hope that the vaccination will get in success to stop such Spike Crown .Without the term immunity vaccination will not be effecrive to irradicate the viral infection .
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Social Norm
Social norms are societal expectations and guidelines regarding acceptable behavior, beliefs, and values within a given culture or community. These norms dictate appropriate conduct in various social contexts, shaping individuals' interactions, attitudes, and decisions. Social norms are enforced through informal mechanisms, such as social approval, peer pressure, and conformity, and serve to maintain social order, cohesion, and stability within societies.
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Policy in Japan
The researchers comprehensively reviewed the fundamental policies and procedures formulated by the government concerning the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal. The discussion encompasses an assessment of the Second Progress Report and concrete geological disposal methodologies. Additionally, the investigation delves into strategies for minimizing waste and procedures for selecting suitable sites for disposal repositories, including both local siting protocols and nationwide mapping approaches.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
A Survey about Foster Family
       Being a foster family consists of a continuous process influenced by several aspects. It involves challenges and demands. But also daily rewards. It is critical that more families be encouraged to become foster carers and also that experienced carers stay in the system to create a sustainable foster care programme. We found three types of foster families, classified according to their will to leave or remain in foster care—unconditional, hesitant, or retired. The support team are determinant for success in every stage. 
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Water Resilience
Analyze from a holistic and comprehensive perspective the water resource in the water cycle context and its relationships in the various environments for the strategic approach to resilience as a way to sustainability.
  • 1.3K
  • 03 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Being Nonreligious in Croatia
Catholicism in the Croatian context has been one of the most powerful sources of collective belonging for centuries. Since the fall of socialism, desecularization tendencies have manifested as homogenization, collectivization, and deprivatization of religion. (Non)religiosity became a contested issue, which not only implied belonging (ethnic, national, historical) but was also highly politicized.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 May 2022
Topic Review
Transport Energy Usage in Cities
Energy usage in cities is intertwined with its spatial configuration — the denser and more compact the city, the more concentrated and efficient the energy usage is to be expected. This entry compares spatial configuration with energy usage for person transport by cars, where energy usage is defined as a product of the variables traffic speed and traffic volume.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Alley Dwelling Authority
The Alley Dwelling Authority was a government funded program that sought to help with the development of alley dwellings in Washington, D.C.. Alleys in Washington suffered from a variety of problems, most prominently overpopulation and poverty that increased rapidly over the 1800s, particularly in Foggy Bottom. In 1822, the neighborhood had an estimated forty households with a majority of skilled workers; however, by 1860 there were around 175 households. This drastic change yielded the percentage of skilled workers and unskilled workers to fluctuate. This suggests that there was a boom in the economy and a drastic change in the need for factory hands. This change was beneficial because it created greater numbers to flock into these new areas of Foggy Bottom, then forcing groups like the Alley Dwelling Authorities to step in and reconstruct old dilapidated homes.
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Social Information Seeking
Social information seeking (SIS) is a field of research that involves studying situations, motivations, and methods for people seeking and sharing information in participatory online social sites, such as Yahoo! Answers, Answerbag, WikiAnswers and Twitter as well as building systems for supporting such activities. Highly related topics involve traditional and virtual reference services, information retrieval, information extraction, and knowledge representation.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Poverty
Poverty is a socio-economic condition characterized by the lack of essential resources and opportunities needed to maintain a basic standard of living. Individuals or communities experiencing poverty often face challenges in accessing necessities such as adequate nutrition, shelter, education, and healthcare, perpetuating a cycle of deprivation and limited social mobility. The measurement and understanding of poverty encompass various indicators, including income levels, employment opportunities, and overall well-being, and addressing poverty typically involves multidimensional interventions aimed at improving economic and social conditions.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Traffic Flow Forecasting Technology
The sustainable development of mankind is a matter of concern to the whole world. Environmental pollution and haze diffusion have greatly affected the sustainable development of mankind. According to previous research, vehicle exhaust emissions are an important source of environmental pollution and haze diffusion. The sharp increase in the number of cars has also made the supply of energy increasingly tight. In this entry, we have explored the use of intelligent navigation technology based on data analysis to reduce the overall carbon emissions of vehicles on road networks. We have implemented a traffic flow prediction method using a genetic algorithm and particle-swarm-optimization-enhanced support vector regression, constructed a model for predicting vehicle exhaust emissions based on predicted road conditions and vehicle fuel consumption, and built our low-carbon-emission-oriented navigation algorithm based on a spatially optimized dynamic path planning algorithm. The results show that our method could help to significantly reduce the overall carbon emissions of vehicles on the road network, which means that our method could contribute to the construction of low-carbon-emission intelligent transportation systems and smart cities.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Visualize sustainability
       The debate on definitions of sustainability and sustainable development continues is alive and well after fifty years.  What the debate reveals is that there are multiple perspectives, ideologies and projections involved, and that these concepts of hybrid ones.  This hybridity is also reflected in the long tradition of representing these concepts, as triangles, circles, systems diagrams and living organisms, among others.  In the same way that the definitions of sustainability and sustainable development have been organized by typology, these representations can also be grouped according to similar features, characteristics and etiologies.  A typology of visual representations of these concepts is important for two reasons.  The first is that it supports reflexive processes in education and communication.  The second is that it reveals the complexity and hybridity of these contested concepts.
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Crime
Crime is a multifaceted and complex concept that generally refers to an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law. It is essentially a breach of societal norms and regulations that are established to maintain order, protect individuals and property, and uphold the general well-being of a community.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Jan 2024
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