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Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Personal Development of Doctoral Students
Personal development refers to the process of increasing one’s self-awareness, associated increases of self-esteem, increasing skills, and fulfilling one’s aspirations. The current paper reflects on these elements within the doctoral journey, for PhD students within the UK Higher Education system. The paper makes particular reference to frameworks to encourage and capture personal development needs and supervision or coaching styles that may be used to encourage a continual reflection of personal development throughout the doctorate.
  • 652
  • 24 Jul 2024
Topic Review
Incorporating GenAI into Experiential Learning for Authentic Assessment
The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) requires innovative educational environments to leverage this technology effectively to address concerns like academic integrity, plagiarism, and others. Additionally, higher education needs effective pedagogies to achieve intended learning outcomes. This emphasizes the need to redesign active learning experiences in the GenAI era. Authentic assessment and experiential learning are two possible meaningful alternatives in this context.
  • 651
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Just Digital Framework and an 18th SDG
In the two decades since the establishment of the 2030 Agenda, the world has faced significant challenges to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Before COVID-19, the SDGs were not on track to be achieved, and disruptions in implementation resulting from the pandemic have had significant effects, turning back years of progress. The pandemic has highlighted the essential nature of digital technologies in advancing the SDGs, continuing education, including higher education, social, and commercial activities, as well as enabling people to participate in society, democracy, and the economy during crises. As humanity enters this new period and begins to reset after the ‘great pause’, it is imperative to reconsider how the digital revolution has affected progress, especially in realizing the SDGs. Digital inclusion and connectivity inform and are essential to achieve all of the Goals. 
  • 650
  • 05 Mar 2022
Topic Review
SDGs and Physical Education
Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) son una estrategia global que apunta a obtener un mundo más equitativo y justo. Estos objetivos están organizados en 17 ODS, detallando 169 metas. Diferentes instituciones internacionales han enfatizado la relevancia de la educación para el desarrollo de ciudadanos que contribuyan al logro de los ODS para 2030. Sin embargo, aún no se ha realizado una revisión centrada en la educación física (EF). Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es doble. Primero, analizar y seleccionar los ODS específicos que se pueden implementar en el área de educación física. Segundo, relacionar estos objetivos específicos con los diferentes modelos basados ​​en prácticas de educación física. Esta revisión mostró cómo tres documentos institucionales han relacionado previamente el deporte, el ejercicio físico y la educación física con ODS específicos. Según la búsqueda realizada,
  • 647
  • 11 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Through the COVID-19 to Prospect Online School Learning
Online learning has been a trend in education globally since the 1980s. There are several similar concepts such as E-learning, online education, distance education, and digital learning. They refer to an educational model incorporating information and communication technologies (ICTs) into the classroom and students’ learning process. As higher education increasingly incorporates online learning, numerous studies have emerged on the online learning experiences of college students. There are several well-established types of online learning, such as the MOOC, and there are already examples of online learning replacing traditional classroom instruction in higher education and adult education. Many colleges are now providing online undergraduate and graduate degrees. Unlike the practice of online education in the higher education sector, online learning in the K-12 sector is more commonly used as a supplement to traditional school education. Online education courses and programs designed for high school students are mostly private, after-school, and voluntary. Also, most online courses for younger students require parental or adult teaching assistants to participate in supervision. Online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic had several characteristics. First, it was the first large-scale online learning of its kind to be conducted both nationally and globally; second, it was for regular school learning rather than remediation or additional learning after school; and third, it was required of all school teachers and students rather than optional. In this way, the large-scale school learning that was forced to move online during the pandemic gave people an unprecedented opportunity to explore how online learning was implemented.
  • 647
  • 21 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Students’ Perceptions to Online Education
Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the world have had to take extreme measures to curb its spread. These measures have included limiting the movement of individuals, instigating city-wide lockdowns, and closing schools and universities. The closure of educational institutes has prompted a transition from the traditional face-to-face learning methods to online or distance learning modes to ensure the continued delivery of learning.
  • 646
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Low Back Pain among Primary School Teachers
Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disease that affects a large percentage of the working population, including teachers. The World Health Organization has identified the school as an effective environment for improving child health. For this reason, the figure of the teacher is a fundamental piece in the process of knowledge acquisition about postural education and prevention of LBP among schoolchildren. The present study aims to determine the knowledge of postural education and back pain prevention among primary school teachers. This cross-sectional study evaluated 85 primary school teachers from Majorca (Spain), of whom 17.6% were physical education teachers and 82.4% were classroom teachers. The study was based on two different structured and self-administered questionnaires to investigate into specific knowledge about LBP: Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire (LKQ) and COSACUES-AEF Questionnaire. The results demonstrated a lifetime prevalence of LBP of 96.5% with significant differences determined by sex. The knowledge of participants about LBP was 17.3 in LKQ (range scale 0–24) and 4.3 in COSACUES (range scale 1–10). In conclusion, the teachers knowledge is insufficient to carry out an efficient and useful health promotion program among schoolchildren to prevent LBP. 
  • 642
  • 02 Nov 2021
Topic Review
The Psychology of Forgiveness
Forgiveness psychology is a thriving field with ample implications for personal and relational well-being, community health, international relations, and politics. The aim of this entry is to briefly introduce the science of forgiveness that emerged over three decades ago and document its major developments. In this entry, definitions of forgiveness, the emergence of the scientific study on forgiveness, models of forgiveness, forgiveness education, measures of forgiveness, and benefits of forgiveness will be discussed, followed by several implications for consideration.
  • 642
  • 13 May 2024
Topic Review
Algebraic Thinking at Elementary School
9–10-year-old pupils work with equations, a central aspect of algebraic thinking in early grades and a cornerstone for more formal learning of algebra.
  • 638
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Gender Digital Divide and Education in Latin America
Gender equity in education is one of the main targets for social justice and sustainable development. This literature review, from a gender approach, was conducted to understand how the gender digital divide (GDD) in information and communication technologies (ICT) and education are related in Latin American countries.
  • 637
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Remote and Blended Teacher Education
Remote teacher education is any mode other than face-to-face education, typically but not necessarily conducted online (i.e., using computers, tablet devices, smart phones and other web-based technologies). Blended teacher education is a combination of face-to-face and remote education in any proportion. 
  • 629
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
E-Learning Readiness Assessment
Assessing e-learning readiness is crucial for educational institutions to identify areas in their e-learning systems needing improvement and to develop strategies to enhance students’ readiness.
  • 629
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Interpreters in Medical Education
The use of interpreters in medical education as part of the curriculum is scarce, but students have been trained in how to work with interpreters when interviewing patients to fully develop their skills. This entry discusses about the relevant literature on the use of interpreters in medical and healthcare education. 
  • 627
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
A Primer for Design and Systems Thinkers
Teaching students to think in complex systems and design is presumably intricate, creative, and nonlinear. However, due to the overwhelming number of standardized tools and frameworks, the process sometimes ends up being procedural and deductive. Conformity to rigid procedures loses the intention of creative problem-solving towards tackling wicked problems.
  • 627
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Educational Technology in Mathematics Education
The use of technology rapidly increased in society over the past decade or so. Consequently, many educational systems incorporated the use of educational technology in their curricula. Elementary and secondary education teachers were urged to integrate technology into education.
  • 612
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Challenging The Mobile Learning Paradigm
The established mobile learning paradigm is now two decades old; it grew out of the visions and resources of e-learning research communities in universities in the world’s more economically developed regions. Whilst it has clearly been able to demonstrate many practical, pedagogic and conceptual achievements, it is now running out of steam. It has failed to adapt to a world where mobile technologies are pervasive, ubiquitous and intrusive and where people and communities can now own their own learning. This paper looks at the evolution of the established mobile learning paradigm and explores the current global, demographic, social and technical environment in order to develop a new paradigm more suited to the changed and changing realities and priorities. This is mobile learning2.0. 
  • 611
  • 24 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Promoting Self-Regulated Learning for Students in Underdeveloped Areas
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused educators around the world to access online-learning systems. Applying the online system involves challenges, such as the students’ need to cope with changes in their learning process, where they must develop capabilities to manage their learning more independently. Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) is an approach considered to help understand students’ ability to manage their learning strategies and achieve improved performance. 
  • 610
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Student Performance in MOOCs
COVID-19 has drastically changed human life, both in the current era and, no doubt, in the years to come. One of the hot topics during this period is whether and how COVID-19 will change education patterns in the next few years. This entry aimed to investigate the relationship between massive open online courses (MOOCs) and students’ learning performance. To that end, this entry combined the gamification concept with the modified information systems (IS) success model and the expectation–confirmation model (ECM) for building a research model. We surveyed 586 students through an online survey and tested the hypotheses. The results indicated that MOOCs’ information quality (IQ), system quality (SQ), and service quality (SEQ) had positive influences on the confirmation, which then affected MOOCs’ usefulness, satisfaction, and gamification. Students’ continued usage intention and course performance were positively influenced by usefulness and gamification. Students’ continued usage intention of MOOCs also positively affected course performance. The relationship between gamification and satisfaction, however, was not proved. The results also showed that gamification, which was composed of entertainment, challenge, and social interaction, played a critical role in improving students’ continued usage intention of MOOCs and their course performance.
  • 606
  • 13 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Psychology of Education
The relationship between intelligence and education is one that scientists have been studying for years. It is correct to say that higher level of education leads to greater level of intelligence and also true the other way around, however, it does not apply for every situation. A study done in Germany proved how education did affect the intelligence of students and proof of intelligence affecting education was seen in the military, where people with lesser intelligence were observed to have a slower learning speed and benefited less from education. Typically if maternal and paternal IQ is high, it is very likely for the child to have a high IQ as well. A study conducted by Plug and Vijverberg showed that the environment that a child grows up in also affects his or her future academic performance. The children that were raised by their biological parents had a greater similarity in terms of intelligence and academic performance to their families than those raised by foster parents. Another study was conducted by Campbell and Ramey to test the socioeconomic effect on intelligence and it showed promising results for children at high risk of academic failure when there was an early intervention.
  • 603
  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Online News Articles and Selling Price of Onions
Onions are used as an essential ingredient in various dishes. Onion price fluctuations are influenced by a variety of factors, both internal and external.
  • 601
  • 19 Sep 2023
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