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Topic Review
Cannabis sativa Bioactive Compounds in Colorectal Cancer
Cannabis sativa is a multipurpose plant that has been used in medicine for centuries. Considerable research has focused on the bioactive compounds of this plant, particularly cannabinoids and terpenes. Among other properties, these compounds exhibit antitumor effects in several cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Cannabinoids show positive effects in the treatment of CRC by inducing apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis, inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and autophagy. Terpenes, such as β-caryophyllene, limonene, and myrcene, have also been reported to have potential antitumor effects on CRC through the induction of apoptosis, the inhibition of cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. In addition, synergy effects between cannabinoids and terpenes are believed to be important factors in the treatment of CRC. 
  • 646
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Nanomaterial-Modified Electrodes for Electrochemical Biosensors
Electrochemical biosensors are superior technologies that are used to detect or sense biologically and environmentally significant analytes in a laboratory environment, or even in the form of portable handheld or wearable electronics. 
  • 646
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Novel Agent with the Terminal Phenoxy Group
The terminal phenoxy group is a moiety of many drugs in use today. Numerous literature reports indicated its crucial importance for biological activity; thus, it is a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Most often, the presence of the phenoxy moiety provided the chances for the compound to match the target, ensuring selectivity, the π–π interaction, or increase the ability to form the hydrogen bonds by the oxygen ether atom.
  • 646
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Medicinal Chemistry of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Quinazoline Compounds
Quinazoline is an essential scaffold, known to be linked with various biological activities. Some of the prominent biological activities of this system are analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-malarial, sedative–hypnotic, anti-histaminic, anti-cancer, anti-convulsant, anti-tubercular, and anti-viral activities. This diversity in the pharmacological response of the quinazoline system has encouraged medicinal chemists to study and discover this system and its multitude of potential against several biological activities.
  • 646
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Bioactivity of Steroidal Arylidene Derivatives
Steroids constitute a unique class of chemical compounds, playing an important role in physiopathological processes, and have high pharmacological interest. Due to their straightforward preparation and intrinsic chemical reactivity, steroidal arylidene derivatives are important synthetic intermediates for the preparation of other compounds, particularly bearing heterocyclic systems, in addition to their relevant bioactivity with potential pharmacological interest. 
  • 637
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Flavonoids Composition in Astragalus membranaceus
Astragalus membranaceus is a valuable medicinal plant species widely distributed in Asia. Its root is the main medicinal tissue rich in methoxylated flavonoids. Origin can highly influence the chemical composition and bioactivity.
  • 636
  • 09 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Medicinally Viable Plants of the Genus Tylophora
Plants of the genus Tylophora have commonly been used in traditional medicine in various communities, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of climatic zones. Of the nearly 300 species reported in the Tylophora genus, eight are primarily used in various forms to treat a variety of bodily disorders based on the symptoms. Certain plants from the genus have found use as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-allergic, anti-microbial, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-oxidant, smooth muscle relaxant, immunomodulatory, and anti-plasmodium agents, as well as free-radical scavengers. Pharmacologically, a few plant species from the genus have exhibited broad-spectrum anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity, which has been proven through experimental evaluations. Some of the plants in the genus have also helped in alcohol-induced anxiety amelioration and myocardial damage repair. The plants belonging to the genus have also shown diuretic, anti-asthmatic, and hepato-protective activities. Tylophora plants have afforded diverse structural bases for secondary metabolites, mainly belonging to phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, which have been found to treat several diseases with promising pharmacological activity levels. 
  • 635
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Marine Organisms with Anti-Glioma Activity
Marine organisms are able to produce a plethora of small molecules with novel chemical structures and potent biological properties, being a fertile source for discovery of pharmacologically active compounds, already with several marine-derived agents approved as drugs. Nearly fifty marine compounds were described as anti-glioma agents in the last decade. Glioma is classified by the WHO as the most common and aggressive form of tumor on CNS. Currently, Temozolomide is the only chemotherapeutic option approved by the FDA even though having some limitations. Marine compounds could be promising leads for the discovery of new therapeutic alternatives for glioma treatment. 
  • 634
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Endocytic Properties of vGPCRs
Endocytosis is a fundamental process involved in trafficking of various extracellular and transmembrane molecules from the cell surface to its interior. This enables cells to communicate and respond to external environments, maintain cellular homeostasis, and transduce signals. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a family of receptors with seven transmembrane alpha-helical domains (7TM receptors) expressed at the cell surface, where they regulate physiological and pathological cellular processes. Several herpesviruses encode receptors (vGPCRs) which benefits the virus by avoiding host immune surveillance, supporting viral dissemination, and thereby establishing widespread and lifelong infection, processes where receptor signaling and/or endocytosis seem central. vGPCRs are rising as potential drug targets as exemplified by the cytomegalovirus-encoded receptor US28, where its constitutive internalization has been exploited for selective drug delivery in virus infected cells. Therefore, studying GPCR trafficking is of great importance.
  • 632
  • 30 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Diarylureas with Antimicrobial Activity
Diarylureas are tyrosine kinase inhibitors well known in the art as anticancer agents, which might be useful tools for a reposition as antimicrobials.
  • 631
  • 03 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Effects of Cannabinoids
The development of new antibiotics is urgently needed to combat the threat of bacterial resistance. New classes of compounds that have novel properties are urgently needed for the development of effective antimicrobial agents. The extract of Cannabis sativa L. has been used to treat multiple ailments since ancient times. Its bioactivity is largely attributed to the cannabinoids found in its plant. Researchers are searching for new anti-infective agents that can treat various infections. Although its phytocannabinoid ingredients have a wide range of medical benefits beyond the treatment of infections, they are primarily associated to psychotropic effects. Different cannabinoids have been demonstrated to be helpful against harmful bacteria, including Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, combination therapy involving the use of different antibiotics has shown synergism and broad-spectrum activity. 
  • 631
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Proteolysis-targeting Chimeras for Drug Targeted Protein Research
Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) is a heterobifunctional molecule. Typically, PROTAC consists of two terminals which are the ligand of the protein of interest (POI) and the specific ligand of E3 ubiquitin ligase, respectively, via a suitable linker. PROTAC degradation of the target protein is performed through the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS).
  • 628
  • 26 Sep 2022
Topic Review
HDAC Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an urgent as well as huge medical challenge, which is associated with poor prognosis and responsiveness to chemotherapies. Since epigenetic changes are highly implicated in TNBC tumorigenesis and development, inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACIs) could represent a promising therapeutic strategy.
  • 627
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Pyrazole Biomolecules as Cancer and Inflammation Therapeutics
The pyrazole moiety is a heterocyclic ring system (five membered) with 3 C and 2 N in adjacent sites. Pyrazole compounds have an extensive past of applications, being used as herbicides, agrochemicals, and as active pharmaceutical agents. Pyrazole derivatives exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and have been shown to target several cancer cell lines, such as COX (I/II).
  • 627
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Hypoglycemic Effect of Resveratrol
El resveratrol (RV) es un compuesto polifenólico con propiedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias e hipoglucémicas. Varios estudios in vitro y en modelos animales han demostrado los efectos beneficiosos del RV; sin embargo, los resultados en humanos no son concluyentes.
  • 625
  • 25 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) comprise a unique family of serine/threonine kinases only found in plants, protozoans (including apicomplexan parasites) and some algae. As these enzymes play an important role in calcium signalling during the various life stages of the Plasmodium parasite, CDPKs have been identified as potential targets for next-generation antimalarial drug development.  This entry focusses on the different CDPKs identified for Plasmodium falciparum, their possible functions, and the small-molecule inhibitors developed thus far for this group of kinases.
  • 623
  • 27 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Dendrimer–Protein Interactions
Proteins perform vital functions in the cell and in the whole organism. They participate in the transport of substances across the cell membrane, acting as receptors and structural units. The existence of enzymes ensures the passage of biochemical reactions. The drug administration, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes are aligned with protein–drug interactions since the plasma contains more than 2400 proteins. Given the potential biomedical applications of dendrimers, the knowledge of their protein-binding properties, the driving force and mechanism of interactions, composition and characteristics of the formed complexes, dependence of structural and morphological changes in proteins on the dendrimer molecular characteristics is of particular importance.
  • 616
  • 26 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Isolated Marine Compounds with Antifungal Activity
The oceans represent the largest ecosystem on earth, with a high diversity of organisms. Oceans have received some attention, and promising compounds with antimicrobial activities were isolated from marine organisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, sea cucumbers, sea sponges, etc. 
  • 605
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Polyphenols and Visual Health
Dietary polyphenols are a group of natural compounds that have been proposed to have beneficial effects on human health. They were first known for their antioxidant properties, but several studies over the years have shown that these compounds can exert protective effects against chronic diseases. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying these potential benefits are still uncertain and contradictory effects have been reported. The effect of these compounds on visual health, and particularly on retinal degenerative diseases, is a matter of renewed interest and recent studies show promising results for the use of these compounds to improve visual function.
  • 604
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Engineering Nicotinamide Cofactors for Continuous-Flow Biocatalysis
Nicotinamide cofactors represent the most common low-potential redox cofactor used in biocatalysis. Although a promising approach, cofactor immobilization depends on the chemical modification of the cofactor to enable the formation of a covalent bond between the cofactor and its flexible linker. The chemical modification of NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H remains challenging, and the major routes used to achieve it are reviewed herein.
  • 603
  • 29 Nov 2022
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