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Zheng, L. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/60126 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
Zheng L. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/60126. Accessed September 22, 2026.
Zheng, Lionel. "Electric Vehicle Charging Stations" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/60126 (accessed September 22, 2026).
Zheng, L. (2026, September 18). Electric Vehicle Charging Stations. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/60126
Zheng, Lionel. "Electric Vehicle Charging Stations." Encyclopedia. Web. 18 September, 2026.
Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
Edit

An electric vehicle charging station (also termed electric vehicle supply equipment, EVSE) is an installation that delivers electrical energy—alternating or direct current—to recharge the traction battery of an electric road vehicle [1]. Conductive charging stations are classified by IEC 61851 into charging modes according to the degree of control and protection, ranging from simple connection to a standard socket-outlet to dedicated DC fast-charge installations with a dedicated converter and a control-pilot signal [2]. Stations may be installed on private premises or in public access points, operate at power levels from slow AC to high-power DC, and incorporate safety functions such as protective earthing, current supervision, and communication between vehicle and equipment [3]. Charging is grouped as AC or DC according to where the power-conversion electronics are located, and each standard mode specifies the rated current and voltage together with the protective functions that must be verified before energization. They are distinguished from inductive (wireless) charging systems by physical conductive contact, and from ordinary electrical outlets by dedicated control, protection, and metering functions [4].

electric‑vehicle charging station EV charging infrastructure conductive EV charging plug‑in vehicle power supply

References

  1. International Electrotechnical Commission. IEC 61851-1: Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System — Part 1: General Requirements, 3rd ed.; IEC: Geneva, 2017. https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644
  2. International Electrotechnical Commission. IEC 61851-23: Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System — Part 23: D.C. Electric Vehicle Charging Station; IEC: Geneva, 2023. https://www.iecee.org/certification/iec-standards/iec-61851-232023
  3. Murat Yilmaz; Philip T. Krein; Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2012, 28, 2151-2169. [CrossRef]
  4. International Energy Agency. Global EV Outlook 2023; IEA: Paris, 2023. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023
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Subjects: Automation & Control Systems
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register : Eng Editorial Office
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Update Date: 18 Sep 2026
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