An electric vehicle charging station (also termed electric vehicle supply equipment, EVSE) is an installation that delivers electrical energy—alternating or direct current—to recharge the traction battery of an electric road vehicle ^[1]. Conductive charging stations are classified by IEC 61851 into charging modes according to the degree of control and protection, ranging from simple connection to a standard socket-outlet to dedicated DC fast-charge installations with a dedicated converter and a control-pilot signal ^[2]. Stations may be installed on private premises or in public access points, operate at power levels from slow AC to high-power DC, and incorporate safety functions such as protective earthing, current supervision, and communication between vehicle and equipment ^[3]. Charging is grouped as AC or DC according to where the power-conversion electronics are located, and each standard mode specifies the rated current and voltage together with the protective functions that must be verified before energization. They are distinguished from inductive (wireless) charging systems by physical conductive contact, and from ordinary electrical outlets by dedicated control, protection, and metering functions ^[4].