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Rickettsia felis in an obligate intracellular Gram negative bacterium and the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever (FBSF). Rickettsia felis requires a vertebrate and invertebrate host to survive and reproduce. The cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) is considered as the primary vector and the reservoir host of this pathogen.
Rickettsia felis requires a vertebrate and invertebrate host to survive and reproduce. The cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) is considered as the primary vector and the reservoir host of this pathogen [1][2]. Rickettsia felis has been also identified in various flea species and there is a growing evidence of detection in other arthropods: ticks, mites, lice and mosquitoes. Similarly, the host range of R. felis is increasing; reports on infected humans, domestic and wild animals are coming from all over the world. However, the competency of the different arthropods and hosts as vectors and reservoirs, respectively, is yet to be demonstrated [2].
Countries | Study Period | Vectors | Prevalence in Vector | Vector Hosts | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria | 2016 | C. felis | Not defined (1/105) | Cats | [10] |
France | 2014–2017 | I. ricinus | 0.1% (1/998) | Environment | [11] |
France | 2017 | I. ricinus | 7% ** | Environment | [12] |
Greece | 2013 | C. felis | 13% (3/23) | Cats | [13] |
Greece | 2016–2017 | C. felis, C. canis, P. irritans | 14% (14/100) * | Dogs and Cats | [14] |
Italy | 2013 | Rh. turanicus | 2.9% (1/34) * | Sheep | [15] |
Italy | 2014–2016 | I. hexagonus | Not defined | Hedgehog and fox | [16] |
Lithuania | 2013–2014 | H. microti, L. agilis, Ct. agyrtes, H. talpae | Not defined | Rodents | [17] |
Malta | 2017 | C. felis | 39.47% (15/38) | Cats | [18] |
Malta | 2017 | C. felis | 96.42% (54/56) * | Cats | [19] |
Romania | 2018 | I. ricinus | Not defined (1/222) | Rodents, birds, hedgehogs | [20] |
Serbia | 2019 | I. ricinus | 3% (1/31) | Humans | [21] |
Serbia | 2020 | Ticks | 4.3% | Humans | [22] |
Slovakia | 2012–2014 | N. fasciatus, Ct. assimilis | Not defined | Rodents | [23] |
Slovakia | 2014–2016 | Ct. solutus | Not defined | Small mammals (A. agrarius) | [24] |
Spain | 2011–2018 | C. felis | 28.3% (15/53) | Dogs | [25] |
A. erinacei | 33.3% (6/18) | Hedgehogs | |||
Ct. b. boisseauorum | 1.6% (1/60) | Rodents (A. terrestris) | |||
Spain | 2015–2017 | I. ricinus | 0.46% (1/219) | Environment | [26] |
Spain | 2019–2020 | C. felis | 29.6% (38/128) | Dogs and Cats | [27] |
UK | 2018 | C. felis, C. canis | 5.7% (27/470) * | Dogs and Cats | [28] |
Countries | Study Period | Host | Prevalence in Host | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Germany | 2008 | Human | 2.7% (15/559) * | [29] |
Germany | 2010–2014 | Wild mammals (A. amphibious, A. flavicollis, A. sylvaticus) |
Not defined | [30] |
Germany | 2012–2014 | Small mammals (A. flavicollis) |
Not defined | [31] |
Greece | 2013 | Human | 3.5% (8/223) * | [13] |
Italy | 2010–2016 | Cats | 8.04% (23/286) * | [32] |
Italy | 2018–2021 | Cats | 17.89% (17/95) * | [33] |
Malta | 2017 | Cats | 0% | [19] |
Poland | 2014 | Small mammals (A. flavicollis) |
Not defined | [34] |
Serbia | 2019 | Human | 3% (1/30) | [21] |
Serbia | 2020 | Human | Not defined (1/85) | [22] |
Slovakia | 2014–2015 | Small mammals (A. flavicollis) |
1.1% (3/27) | [35] |
Sweden | 2015 | Human | Not defined * | [36] |
Turkey | 2017–2021 | Cats | 26.3% (44/167) | [37] |