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Epigenetics investigates modifications in the expression of genes that do not depend on the underlying DNA sequence. Some studies have confirmed that environmental factors, such as toxicants, may promote a phenotype or a disease in an individual or even in the subsequent progeny through epigenetic alterations. Several epigenetic mechanisms, including modifications in DNA (e.g., methylation), histones, and non-protein coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can change genome expression under the exogenous influenc. The latent interest in epigenetics has resulted in breakthroughs in seminal concepts in diseases ranging from autoimmune conditions to cancer, congenital diseases, mental retardation, endocrine diseases, pediatric diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, and many others.