Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases

Summary

Hypertension is a major public health concern worldwide because of its rising prevalence and concomitant risks of cardiovascular diseases. Coping strategies may encompass a full spectrum of clinical, epidemiological, experimental, and technological factors to inspire front-line practices and shape critical thinking. This entry collection aims to assemble entries of wealthy topics related to clinical, therapeutic, and population sciences of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases that could inform research scientists and healthcare professionals.

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Entries

Topic Review

Lymphatic Route in Cardiovascular Medicine

The lymphatic network is a unidirectional and low-pressure vascular system that is responsible for the absorption of interstitial fluids, molecules, and cells from the peripheral tissue, including the skin and the intestines. Targeting the lymphatic route for drug delivery employing traditional or new technologies and drug formulations is exponentially gaining attention in the quest to avoid the hepatic first-pass effect.

1.2K
19 Aug 2021

Topic Review

Exosomes for High-Altitude Epigenetic Research

Among different difficult environments, high-altitude living is especially demanding because of diminished partial pressure of oxygen and resulting chronic hypobaric hypoxia. This results in poor blood oxygenation and reduces aerobic oxidative respiration in the mitochondria, leading to increased reactive oxygen species generation and activation of hypoxia-inducible gene expression.

1.2K
19 Aug 2021

Topic Review

Allicin and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling. Recent evidence supports that inflammation plays a key role in triggering and maintaining pulmonary vascular remodeling. Recent studies have shown that garlic extract has protective effects in PAH, but the precise role of allicin, a compound derived from garlic, is unknown. Thus, we used allicin to evaluate its effects on inflammation and fibrosis in PAH.

1.1K
21 Sep 2021

Topic Review

Economic Burden of Stroke Disease

Globally, one of the main causes of non-communicable disease as a cause of death every year is stroke. The objective of this study was to analyze the burden in consequence of stroke.

1.1K
06 Aug 2021

Topic Review

Fruitflow® as Dietary Antiplatelets

Fruitflow® is derived from ripe tomatoes using a process that removes pomace, seeds, and fats while operating at low processing temperatures (~40 °C) to control the production of artefacts such as Maillard/Amadori products or Strecker aldehydes. Fruitflow® is standardised regarding representatives of its three main classes of antiplatelet compounds—nucleosides, phenolic derivatives, and flavonoid derivatives—and the total amount of ‘bioactive extract’ present.

1.6K
27 Jul 2021

Topic Review

LCZ696 in Patients with Hypertension

Hypertension is a well-known and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease worldwide. However, the management of hypertension remains suboptimal throughout the world. LCZ696 (Sacubitril/valsartan) was approved for the treatment of heart failure. Several randomized control trials showed that LCZ696 achieved the target blood pressure control without significant adverse fffects. This meta-analysis including randomized control trials to precisely determine the effectiveness and safety of LCZ696 for the treatment of high aterial pressure.

833
09 Jul 2021

Topic Review

AT1 Receptor in Cerebrovascular Diseases

Ang II is known as the main effector of the RAS. Ang II binds with a similar affinity to two receptors: the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1) and type 2 receptor (AT2), both belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and sharing 50% homology and 34% identity in their amino acid sequence. Ang II activation of AT1 is acknowledged as triggering most of the known effects of RAS stimulation, such as vasoconstriction, water and sodium retention and aldosterone release by the adrenal glands. This leads to increases in blood pressure, cardiovascular remodeling and fibrosis. Due to its wide physiological effects, AT1 plays a critical role in many pathological conditions and cardiovascular diseases, like cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension and heart failure.

1.1K
05 Jul 2021

Topic Review

EndMT

Endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a complex biological process in which endothelial cells lose their specific markers, such as vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), and acquire a mesenchymal or myofibroblastic phenotype, expressing specific products, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen.

1.2K
02 Jul 2021

Topic Review

Heart Rhythm Complexity and PH

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive, complex, and fatal disease. It involves heterogenous etiologies and different mechanisms, and eventually leads to right heart failure. The mortality of PH patients is high even after contemporary treatment. A non-invasive and convenient tool can measure PH risk by assessing heart rate variability (HRV), namely, heart rhythm complexity analysis.

1.1K
02 Jul 2021

Topic Review

Ankyrin-B in Cardiac Function

Ankyrin-B (encoded by ANK2), originally identified as a key cytoskeletal-associated protein in the brain, is highly expressed in the heart and plays critical roles in cardiac physiology and cell biology. In the heart, ankyrin-B directs the targeting and localization of key ion channels and transporters, structural proteins, and signaling molecules. The role of ankyrin-B in normal cardiac function is illustrated in animal models lacking ankyrin-B expression, which display significant electrical and structural phenotypes,1 and life-threatening arrhythmias. Further, ankyrin-B dysfunction has been associated with cardiac phenotypes in humans (now referred to as “ankyrin-B syndrome”) including sinus node dysfunction, heart rate variability, atrial fibrillation, conduction block, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, structural remodeling, and sudden cardiac death.

1.5K
30 Jun 2021

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