Summary

Gastrointestinal disease is a very common and frequently occurring disease, with a wide range of types and a total incidence of about 20% of the population. The cause of gastrointestinal disease is the imbalance between the protective mechanism and the injury mechanism of the human body. While traditional medicine kills harmful bacteria in the stomach, it also kills the beneficial bacteria necessary for the stomach. Although the symptoms are alleviated and inflammation is eliminated, the reduction of beneficial bacteria reduces the gastrointestinal immunity. Once the drug is stopped, it is easy to re-infect. There are many reasons for stomach problems, including genetics, environment, diet, drugs, bacterial infections, etc., as well as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. This collection of entries aims to collect various items related to the topic of gastrointestinal diseases, such as clinical care, case cases, disease research, etc., to help people increase their knowledge and understanding of this common disease

Expand All
Entries
Topic Review
Circulating Tumor Cells in Colorectal Cancer
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs)  are intact cells separated from the primary tumor or metastases and released into the peripheral circulation. They were observed and discovered for the first time in 1869 in the blood of a patient with breast cancer. CTCs mainly originate from solid tumors of epithelial origin (breast, prostate, colon, and lung). CTCs are nucleated and express epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM) and/or cytokeratins (CK) in the cytoplasm without coexpressing the common leukocyte antigen CD45. It is known today that there is significant heterogeneity in cell species and surface markers, which represents a challenge in isolating all clinically relevant subpopulations of CTCs.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Application of Proteomics in Giardia duodenalis
Giardia duodenalis remains a neglected tropical disease. A key feature of the sustained transmission of Giardia is the ability to form environmentally resistant cysts. Valuable information from proteomics analyses of G. duodenalis has been discovered in terms of the pathogenesis and virulence of Giardia, which may provide guidance for the development of better means with which to prevent and reduce the impacts of giardiasis.
  • 892
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Parenteral Nutrition on Gut Microbiota in Pediatric Population
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a life-saving therapy providing nutritional support in patients with digestive tract complications, particularly in preterm neonates due to their gut immaturity during the first postnatal weeks. Despite this, PN can also result in several gastrointestinal complications that are the cause or consequence of gut mucosal atrophy and gut microbiota dysbiosis, which may further aggravate gastrointestinal disorders. Consequently, the use of PN presents many unique challenges, notably in terms of the potential role of the gut microbiota on the functional and clinical outcomes associated with the long-term use of PN.
  • 925
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Microbiome Metagenomics and Epigenomics on Gastric Cancer
The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of gastric cancer. Similar microbes implicated in gastric cancer carcinogenesis have been detected in some of the risk factors of the disease, with microbial dysbiosis as a common root of concern as it promotes carcinogenesis through dysregulation of cancer immunosurveillance and induction of therapeutic resistance. The microbiome plays an important role in gastric cancer (GC) pathological phenotypes and should be taken into consideration when designing personalized cancer therapies. 
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer
Cancer is the most common disease impacting individuals; it can affect one in two people in industrialized countries. Additionally, it has continued to be a burden upon societies worldwide. Furthermore, the most prevalent forms of cancers are those occurring within the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal cancers are the various cancers arising within the gastrointestinal tract or in any of its associated organs, the most prevalent of which are: the stomach, liver, pancreas, esophagus, and colorectal cancers. Importantly, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is believed to be one of the leading causes of cancer-induced deaths globally. Furthermore, in the case of colorectal cancer (CRC), one in three people are expected not to live past five years once diagnosed. 
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Membrane Vesicles Derived from Gut Microbiota
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) superbugs can breach the blood–brain barrier (BBB), leading to a continuous barrage of pro-inflammatory modulators and induction of severe infection-related pathologies, including meningitis and brain abscess. Both broad-spectrum or species-specific antibiotics (β-lactamase inhibitors, polymyxins, vancomycin, meropenem, plazomicin, and sarecycline) and biocompatible poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles have been used to treat these infections. However, new therapeutic platforms with a broad impact that do not exert off-target deleterious effects are needed. Membrane vesicles or extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed particles with therapeutic potential owing to their ability to circumvent BBB constraints. Bacteria-derived EVs (bEVs) from gut microbiota are efficient transporters that can penetrate the central nervous system. In fact, bEVs can be remodeled via surface modification and CRISPR/Cas editing and, thus, represent a novel platform for conferring protection against infections breaching the BBB.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Blood Markers in Human Colorectal Cancer
Cancer is a predominant cause of mortality all over the world. Lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer are the more frequent in men while breast and colorectal have a high incidence in women. Major progress aside, some cancers are still frequent and one major issue is improvements in detection methods. Imaging techniques have a major role, but inflammatory, tumoral markers and calculated scores may contribute to the assessment of prognosis. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) have been used for decades and do not have a clear use for diagnosis or prognosis yet. The CEACAM family includes 12 human members, and some of them have a cluster differentiation (CD). CD66 may be an interesting indicator of disease severity. Beside interleukin-6 (IL-6), the high level of which is observed in patients with a high mortality rate, other cytokines IL-17A, IL-22, and transforming growth factor -β (TGF-β) are expressed at the tumor level. The detection of circulating tumor cells has been improved but is still of undetermined value. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was recently studied in CRC stage II patients and may be helpful for chemotherapy management.
  • 1.7K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Personalized Biomarkers in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide, with a high incidence and mortality. Although many treatment options are available for metastatic disease, patient survival is still limited.
  • 918
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models for Hirschsprung Disease
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a complex congenital disorder caused by defects in the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS). It is attributed to failures of the enteric neural crest stem cells (ENCCs) to proliferate, differentiate and/or migrate, leading to the absence of enteric neurons in the distal colon, resulting in colonic motility dysfunction. Due to the oligogenic nature of the disease, some HSCR conditions could not be phenocopied in animal models. Building the patient-based disease model using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) has opened up a new opportunity to untangle the unknowns of the disease. The expanding armamentarium of hPSC-based therapies provides needed new tools for developing cell-replacement therapy for HSCR. 
  • 969
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Host Genetics and Microbiota Interactions in Colorectal Cancer
The role of microbiota in colorectal cancer has been studied since alterations in its composition were observed. In addition, there are more and more pieces of evidence that microbiota could be implicated in colorectal cancer progression. Thus, the components of the microbiota could be biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. In addition, it is important to address how the microbiota interacts with the host and how the host shapes the microbiota, in order to understand the biological pathways and mechanisms involved in their relationship and the consequences of their interactions in colorectal cancer. 
  • 782
  • 09 Nov 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 39

Other Entry Collections

>>