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Topic Review
Validation in the Clinical Theory of Psychoanalysis
Validation in the Clinical Theory of Psychoanalysis: A Study in the Philosophy of Psychoanalysis is a 1993 book about psychoanalysis, and related topics such as the nature and effectiveness of the placebo and its role in psychiatry and medicine, by the philosopher Adolf Grünbaum. The book, in part a sequel to Grünbaum's earlier The Foundations of Psychoanalysis (1984) and a response to analytic critics of that work, received both positive reviews and more mixed assessments. Reviewers found it an important work about both psychoanalysis and the concept of the placebo, but noted that Grünbaum's writing style made it difficult to read.
  • 524
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Validation (Drug Manufacture)
Validation is the process of establishing documentary evidence demonstrating that a procedure, process, or activity carried out in testing and then production maintains the desired level of compliance at all stages. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is very important that in addition to final testing and compliance of products, it is also assured that the process will consistently produce the expected results. The desired results are established in terms of specifications for outcome of the process. Qualification of systems and equipment is therefore a part of the process of validation. Validation is a requirement of food, drug and pharmaceutical regulating agencies such as the US FDA and their good manufacturing practices guidelines. Since a wide variety of procedures, processes, and activities need to be validated, the field of validation is divided into a number of subsections including the following: Similarly, the activity of qualifying systems and equipment is divided into a number of subsections including the following:
  • 419
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Validating Sustainable Career Indicators
Sustainable careers are regarded as a complex mental schema represented by experiences and continuity patterns grounded on individual subjective evaluations, such as happiness, health and productivity.
  • 243
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Validated Questionnaires in Flow Theory
Psychological flow has been measured in several areas to analyse to what extent users are engaged in particular tasks, and is relevant in the design of products like software, videogames, and eLearning courses.
  • 380
  • 07 Oct 2023
Biography
Valery Rubakov
Valery Anatolyevich Rubakov (Russian: Валерий Анатольевич Рубаков, born 16 February 1955 in Moscow, USSR) is a Russian theoretical physicist. His scientific interests include quantum field theory, elementary particle physics, and cosmology. He is affiliated with the Institute for Nuclear Research (INR) of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. Rubakov studied phys
  • 645
  • 15 Nov 2022
Biography
Valeri Kubasov
Valeri Nikolayevich Kubasov (Russian: Вале́рий Никола́евич Куба́сов; 7 January 1935 – 19 February 2014) was a Soviet/Russia n cosmonaut who flew on two missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 19 (the Apollo–Soyuz mission), and commanded Soyuz 36 in the Intercosmos programme. On 21 July 1975, the Soyuz 7K-TM module used for ASTP lande
  • 470
  • 30 Nov 2022
Biography
Valentina Mikhailovna Borok
Valentina Mikhailovna Borok (9 July 1931, Kharkiv, Ukraine , USSR – 4 February 2004, Haifa, Israel) was a Soviet Ukraine mathematician. She is mainly known for her work on partial differential equations.[1] Borok was born on July 9, 1931 in Kharkiv in Ukraine (then USSR), into a Jewish family.[2] Her father, Michail Borok, was a chemist, scientist and an expert in material science. Her moth
  • 395
  • 23 Dec 2022
Biography
Valentin Danilovich Belousov
Belousov Valentin Danilovich (20 February 1925 – 23 July 1988) was a Moldavian Soviet mathematician and a corresponding member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR (1968).[1][2] He graduated from the Kishinev Pedagogical Institute (1947), Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1966), Professor (1967), honored worker of science and technology of the Moldavian SSR. Since 1
  • 711
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Valence-shell Electron-pair Repulsion Model
There are the following main assumptions of the Valence-shell Electron-pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model. - The arrangement of covalent bonds of the atom centre analyzed depends on the number of electron pairs in its valence shell: bonds and nonbonding pairs as lone electron pairs. - The arrangement of valence electron pairs around the centre considered is to maximize their distances apart. - The non-valence electrons - inner electrons with nucleus (i.e. the core) possess the spherical symmetry (or at least it is in force for the main groups elements). It is worth to note that the intra- and intermolecular interactions influence on electronic and molecular structures in accordance with this VSEPR model.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Valence
In chemistry, the valence (US spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an element is the measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules.
  • 1.6K
  • 02 Nov 2022
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