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Topic Review
Subsea Power Cable Health Management
Subsea power cables are critical assets for electrical transmission and distribution networks, and highly relevant to regional, national, and international energy security and decarbonization given the growth in offshore renewable energy generation. Existing condition monitoring techniques are restricted to highly constrained online monitoring systems that only prioritize internal failure modes, representing only 30% of cable failure mechanisms, and has limited capacity to provide precursor indicators of such failures or damages.
  • 296
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Spyros Hirdaris - Hydroelasticity of Ships
As a generic definition, hydroelasticity is the branch of science concerned with the interactions of deformable bodies with the water environment in which they operate. Hydroelasticity as the naval counterpart to aeroelasticity recognizes that at fluid structure interaction level significant differences may exist between the hydrodynamic, inertia, and elastic forces experienced by a floating marine structure. In other words, the fluid pressure acting on the structure modifies its dynamic state and, in return, the motion and distortion of the structure disturb the pressure field around it.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Single Point Mooring (SPM) Systems with Buoys
The SPM system consists of four main components, namely, the body of the buoy, the anchoring and mooring components, the fluid transfer system and the ancillary elements. Static legs linked to the seabed underneath the surface keep the buoy body in place. Above the water level, the body has a spinning portion that is attached to the offloading/loading tanker. A roller bearing, referred to as the main bearing, connects these two portions. Due to this array, the anchored tanker can easily weather-vane around the buoy and find a steady position. The concept of the buoy is determined by the type of bearing utilized and the divide between the rotating and geostatic sections. The buoy’s size is determined by the amount of counter buoyancy required to keep the anchor chains in place, and the chains are determined by environmental conditions and vessel size.
  • 8.9K
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Ship Tracking Based on Satellite Videos
Ship detection and tracking have attracted a lot of attention in remote sensing because of the great potential in military application and port activities analysis. Compared with the vehicle targets, the size of the ship targets varies in a wide range, and the background of the track is commonly water, which may limit the performance of tracking methods. The feature of the water background is very similar to adjacent frames, which leads to ineffective motion information from the background analysis. Tracking algorithms such as optical flow-based tracker and offline tracking methods are thus not proper for ship tracking. Therefore, several novel models have been proposed to track ships from satellite videos.
  • 411
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Ship Handling in Unprotected Waters
In order to implement a new type of escort towing, specially designed to be employed in very adverse weather conditions, considerable changes in the hull form of escort tugs had to be made to improve their stability and performance. Since traditional winch and ropes technologies were only effective in calm waters, tugs had to be fitted with new devices. These improvements allowed the remodeled tugs to counterbalance the strong forces generated by the maneuvers in open waters. This entry presents a review of the new high-performance automatic dynamic winches.
  • 976
  • 26 Mar 2021
Topic Review
OTEC plant impact on Chiapas
Despite the proved potential to harness ocean energy off the Mexican coast, one of the main aspects that have restrained the development of this industry is the lack of information regarding the environmental and social impacts of the devices and plants. Under this premise, a review of literature that could help identifying the potential repercussions of energy plants on those fields was performed. The available studies carried out around the world show a clear tendency to use indicators to assess impacts specifically related to the source of energy to be converted. The information gathered was used to address the foreseeable impacts on a hypothetical case regarding the deployment of an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plant off the Chiapas coast in Mexico. From the review it was found that for OTEC plants, the most important aspect to be considered is the discharge plume volume and its physicochemical composition, which can lead to the proliferation of harmful algal blooms. Regarding the case study, it is interesting to note that although the environmental impacts need to be mitigated and monitored, they can be somehow alleviated considering the potential social benefits of the energy industry.
  • 769
  • 12 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Organic Coatings for Marine Applications
Organic coatings for marine applications must have great corrosion protection and antifouling performance. This review presents an overview of recent investigations into coating microstructure, corrosion protection performance, antifouling behavior, and evaluation methods, particularly the substrate effect and environmental influence on coating protectiveness, aiming to improve operational practice in the coating industry. 
  • 819
  • 21 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Oil Spill Modeling
Several oil spill simulation models exist in the literature, which are used worldwide to simulate the evolution of an oil slick created from marine traffic, petroleum production, or other sources. These models may range from simple parametric calculations to advanced, new-generation, operational, three-dimensional numerical models, coupled to meteorological, hydrodynamic, and wave models, forecasting in high-resolution and with high precision the transport and fate of oil. This study presents a review of the transport and oil weathering processes and their parameterization and critically examines eighteen state-of-the-art oil spill models in terms of their capacity (a) to simulate these processes, (b) to consider oil released from surface or submerged sources, (c) to assimilate real-time field data for model initiation and forcing, and (d) to assess uncertainty in the produced predictions. Based on our review, the most common oil weathering processes involved are spreading, advection, diffusion, evaporation, emulsification, and dispersion. The majority of existing oil spill models do not consider significant physical processes, such as oil dissolution, photo-oxidation, biodegradation, and vertical mixing. Moreover, timely response to oil spills is lacking in the new generation of oil spill models. Further improvements in oil spill modeling should emphasize more comprehensive parametrization of oil dissolution, biodegradation, entrainment, and prediction of oil particles size distribution following wave action and well blow outs.
  • 1.6K
  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Microplastics Disposal and Water Resources
Microplastics (MPs) can also function as indicators for metals, antibiotics, toxic chemicals, pathogenic bacteria Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB)-forming dinoflagellates across the continents, especially through ballast water, serving as “hotspots” in ballast waters for developing and spreading multiple drug-resistant human pathogens through co-selection mechanisms.
  • 463
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Large Eddy Simulation of Propellers
Numerical computation methods for turbulence flow can be categorized into direct numerical simulation (DNS), large eddy simulation (LES), and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) based on grid resolution scales. With improvement in computer performance and the development of parallel computing, DNS and LES have been increasingly utilized both in research and engineering.
  • 83
  • 18 Dec 2023
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