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Topic Review
Visible Light Communication
Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology is an emerging technology using visible light modulation that, in the modern world, will mainly facilitate high-speed internet connectivity. VLC technology employs visible light for communication to facilitate high-speed internet connectivity exclusively in the indoor environment. This particular report will tell about some potential applications of VLC and the implementation of LEDs and some of the factors affecting the modulation bandwidth of LEDs for the VLC application.
  • 3.7K
  • 11 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Visibility Enhancement and Fog Detection
In mobile systems, fog, rain, snow, haze, and sun glare are natural phenomena that can be very dangerous for drivers. In addition to the visibility problem, the driver must face also the choice of speed while driving. The main effects of fog are a decrease in contrast and a fade of color. Rain and snow cause also high perturbation for the driver while glare caused by the sun or by other traffic participants can be very dangerous even for a short period. In the field of autonomous vehicles, visibility is of the utmost importance. To solve this problem, different researchers have approached and offered varied solutions and methods. It is useful to focus on what has been presented in the scientific literature over the past ten years relative to these concerns. 
  • 896
  • 28 May 2021
Topic Review
Virus-Like Particles for TEM Regulation against Cancer
Tumor development and metastasis are intimately associated with the tumor microenvironment (TME), and it is difficult for vector-restricted drugs to act on the TME for long-term cancer immunotherapy. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanocage structures self-assembled from nucleic acid free viral proteins. Most VLPs range from 20–200 nm in diameter and can naturally drain into lymph nodes to induce robust humoral immunity. As natural nucleic acid nanocarriers, their surfaces can also be genetically or chemically modified to achieve functions such as TME targeting. 
  • 397
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Virus-Incorporated Biomimetic Nanocomposites
Owing to the astonishing properties of non-harmful viruses, tissue regeneration using virus-based biomimetic materials has been an emerging trend recently. The selective peptide expression and enrichment of the desired peptide on the surface, monodispersion, self-assembly, and ease of genetic and chemical modification properties have allowed viruses to take a long stride in biomedical applications. 
  • 584
  • 07 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Virus Monitoring Strategies for Wastewater Reuse
Wastewater reclamation and reuse have the potential to supplement water supplies, offering resiliency in times of drought and helping to meet increased water demands associated with population growth. Non-potable water reuse represents the largest potential reuse market. Yet, economic constraints for new water reuse infrastructure and safety concerns due to microbial water quality, especially viral pathogen exposure, limit the widespread implementation of water reuse. Cost-effective, real-time methods to measure or indicate the viral quality of recycled water would do much to instill greater confidence in the practice.  One of the greatest challenges of water-quality monitoring is that pathogens (including viruses as well as bacteria and protozoa) are often present at concentrations high enough to present disease risks but too low for direct detection. As a result, a variety of surrogate microorganisms are used as indicators of microbial water quality. 
  • 638
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Virus Filter Foulants
The major classes of foulants in virus filtration. This includes irreversible and reversible product aggregates and minor product variants that differ in their charge or hydrophobicity. Product variants arise because mammalian cell-derived biotherapeutics are heterogeneous. The product is defined based on the production process and not on a single molecular species. Product variants with different post-translational modifications can have different hydrophobicity, charge, and conformations. If present, HCP, proteases, and nucleic acids can also foul the virus filter.
  • 415
  • 25 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Virtual Reality in Civil Engineering Education
Virtual reality (VR) learning tool was successful in enhancing students’ understanding of the civil engineering experiment. The immersive and interactive nature of VR contributed to a solid grasp of the concepts presented, proving its potential as a valuable educational resource. By leveraging VR technology, educational institutions can provide an engaging and effective alternative to traditional laboratory sessions, ensuring uninterrupted and high-quality learning experiences for civil engineering students.
  • 252
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Virtual Reality and Robots
There is a significant amount of synergy between virtual reality (VR) and the field of robotics. However, it has only been in approximately the past five years that commercial immersive VR devices have been available to developers. This new availability has led to a rapid increase in research using VR devices in the field of robotics, especially in the development of VR interfaces for operating robots. 
  • 2.5K
  • 25 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Virtual Power Plants for Smart Grid Operations
Virtual power plants (VPP) is a crucial component of the smart grid; this is made feasible by the network parts’ ability to coordinate themselves and the grid architecture’s ability to be controlled to its fullest potential.
  • 769
  • 10 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Virtual Power Plants (VPPs)
A virtual power plants (VPPs) is an alternative for the management of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in the electricity system, which operates based on the concept of the “virtual cloud”. Its specific role is visibility and the technical and commercial integration of DERs in the power system. It is capable of grouping and managing the technical potential of different DERs (microgrids included), regardless of the voltage level at which they are interconnected with the network and without a geographical restriction between the elements. It is modeled as a single virtual element associated with the distribution network to guarantee a safe, efficient, cooperative and complementary operation between its elements, both in commercial and technical aspects. The VPP has the capacity to participate in the electricity market as a manager of controllable loads and as a provider of energy, power reserve and ancillary services.
  • 3.4K
  • 18 Feb 2022
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