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Topic Review
Evaluation of Digital Applications
Digitalization is a transformation process which has already affected many parts of industry and society and is expected to yet increase its transformative speed and impact. In the energy sector, many digital applications have already been implemented. However, a more drastic change is expected during the next decades. Good understanding of which digital applications are possible and what are the associated benefits as well as risks from the different perspectives of the impacted stakeholders is of high importance. On the one hand, it is the basis for a broad societal and political discussion about general targets and guidelines of digitalization. On the other hand, it is an important piece of information for companies in order to develop and sustainably implement digital applications. This entry suggests a methodology to holistically analyze digital applications in the energy sector. The intended purpose of the suggested methodology is to provide a complexity-reduced fact base as input for societal and political discussions and for the development of new digital products, services, or business models. While the methodology is outlined in this entry, in a follow-up article the application of the methodology will be presented and the use of the approach reflected.
  • 1.4K
  • 05 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Evaluation of Energy Scenarios
The assessment of future options and pathways for sustainable energy systems requires considering multiple techno-economic, ecological and social issues. Multicriteria analysis methods, which are useful tools that aid decision processes involving various and even conflicting qualitative and quantitative criteria, could support such comprehensive analyses. With regard to energy policies, the key actors and stakeholders’ acceptance of emerging and innovative technologies for generating, converting and storing electricity, heat and fuels is crucial for their future implementation. The multiactor multicriteria (MAMCA) methodology was developed to involve stakeholders with vastly different views and objectives when addressing complex societal problems. 
  • 538
  • 16 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Evaluation of Externalities of Highway Infrastructures
Various externalities caused by highway infrastructures, such as promoting economic development, traffic congestion, and air pollution, are becoming more and more important. Currently, there is no multi-dimensional quantitative evaluation of the externalities of highway infrastructures, hindering the sustainable planning and development of highway infrastructures. A summary of the status of the evaluation of the externalities of highway infrastructures is from four perspectives: social evaluation, economic evaluation, ecological evaluation, and comprehensive evaluation.
  • 2.3K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Evaluation of Sourcing Decision for Hydrogen Supply Chain
The use of fossil fuels has caused many environmental issues, including greenhouse gas emissions and associated climate change. Several studies have focused on mitigating this problem. One dynamic direction for emerging sources of future renewable energy is the use of hydrogen energy.
  • 188
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Evaluation of Urban Street Functions
Urban street networks are a vital part of urban areas and have a remarkable influence over quality of life and the use of sustainable modes. They make up about 80% of public space and shape urban activities and identity.
  • 645
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Event Tracking Sensitivity Analysis for Drilling Disaster Management
In sub-surface drilling rigs, one key critical crisis is unwanted influx into the borehole as a result of increasing the influx rate while drilling deeper into a high-pressure gas formation. Although established risk assessments in drilling rigs provide a high degree of protection, uncertainty arises due to the behavior of the formation being drilled into, which may cause crucial situations at the rig. To overcome such uncertainties, real-time sensor measurements are used to predict, and thus prevent, such crises. 
  • 371
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Evolution of Access Network Sharing
Network sharing is part of a fundamental principle of statistical multiplexing of link capacity. Regardless of whether the nodes are setting up connections that reserve capacity in the Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), or sending packets in a connection-less packet-switched network, the overall link capacity is only a fraction of the total interconnection capacity required if all nodes attempted communicating at once. Network sharing also applies to the progressive aggregation of link capacity where the ratio of multiplexing increases in moving from the access towards the core. From the mid-90s’, the concept of sharing was extended to also cover the multi-tenant use of the network, where third party network operators compete with the incumbent national operator, so that the same common infrastructure is shared across multiple competing entities. The degree to which infrastructure is shared is limited, on the one hand by physical and logical boundaries that separate resources, and on the other hand by economic complexities such as settlements, agreements and regulations that complicate the sharing process.
  • 899
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Evolution of AI and ML in Medical Infrastructure
People in the life sciences who work with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are under increased pressure to develop algorithms faster than ever. The possibility of revealing innovative insights and speeding breakthroughs lies in using large datasets integrated on several levels. However, even if there is more data at our disposal than ever, only a meager portion is being filtered, interpreted, integrated, and analyzed. Both an increase in the learning capacity and the provision of a decision support system at a size that is redefining the future of healthcare are enabled by AI and ML.
  • 522
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Evolution of Flexible Sensors in Medical Applications
This article explores the development and significance of flexible capacitive pressure sensors (CPS) in medical applications. It begins by tracing the historical origins of capacitive sensing and highlights the recent advancements that have made flexible CPS a vital technology in the healthcare industry. The article delves into key applications of CPS, such as wearable health monitors, artificial skin for prosthetics, minimally invasive medical devices, and implantable cardiac monitors. Through various case studies, it illustrates how these sensors enhance patient care by offering continuous, accurate, and non-invasive monitoring. The article concludes by discussing the challenges and future potential of CPS in revolutionizing medical technology.
  • 67
  • 26 Aug 2024
Topic Review
Evolution of Intelligent Vehicle Technology
The time evolution of intelligent vehicle technology is explained, which highlights the development of an intelligentvehicle and its safety applications, focusing on the various usages of perception sensors in production.
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Nov 2020
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