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Topic Review
Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been considered as promising candidates to tackle the need for sustainable and efficient energy conversion devices. However, the current operating temperature of SOFCs poses critical challenges relating to the costs of fabrication and materials selection. To overcome these issues, many attempts have been made by the SOFC research and manufacturing communities for lowering the operating temperature to intermediate ranges (600–800 °C) and even lower temperatures (below 600 °C). Despite the interesting success and technical advantages obtained with the low-temperature SOFC, on the other hand, the cell operation at low temperature could noticeably increase the electrolyte ohmic loss and the polarization losses of the electrode that cause a decrease in the overall cell performance and energy conversion efficiency. In addition, the electrolyte ionic conductivity exponentially decreases with a decrease in operating temperature based on the Arrhenius conduction equation for semiconductors. 
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Mar 2021
Topic Review
5G Technology in Healthcare and Wearable Devices
Wearable devices with 5G technology are currently more ingrained in our daily lives, and they will now be a part of our bodies too. The requirement for personal health monitoring and preventive disease is increasing due to the predictable dramatic increase in the number of aging people. Technologies with 5G in wearables and healthcare can intensely reduce the cost of diagnosing and preventing diseases and saving patient lives. 
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV-T) Systems for Energy provision in Buildings
Photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collectors can be integrated with solar heating and cooling (SHC) technologies to generate electricity, heating and/or cooling. Some studies integrate concentrated PV-T collectors, air-based PV-T collectors and liquid-based PV-T collectors with cooling technologies to provide electricity, heating and cooling to buildings.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Diesel Engines Emissions Reduction
Compression ignition engines play a significant role in the development of a country. They are widely used due to their innate properties such as high efficiency, high power output, and durability. However, they are considered one of the key contributors to transport-related emissions and have recently been identified as carcinogenic. Thus, it is important to modify the designs and processes before, during, and after combustion to reduce the emissions to meet the strict emission regulations.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Gaseous Emissions from the Composting Process
Compost can be used in agricultural activities due to its various positive impacts on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, meanwhile reducing utilization of inorganic fertilizers. Composting has also negative environmental impacts, some of them of social concern. This is the case of composting atmospheric emissions, especially in the case of greenhouse gases (GHG) and certain families of volatile organic compounds (VOC). 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Wind Turbine
Wind Turbine Power Curve models establish a simplified way to apply the relationship between the wind speed at hub height and the output power of the wind turbine. When dealing with deterministic models, two main types appear: polynomial and sigmoid. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Froth Flotation
Froth flotation is an important operation for the recovery of valuable minerals in the mining industry. The essence of flotation processes lies in the interactions between particles and bubbles, which can be categorized into three successive sub-processes which are bubble-particle collision, attachment and detachment. These three sub-processes determine the overall performance of flotation processes for treating a particular ore.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Sensor Technologies for Transmission and Distribution Systems
Today sensors have become one of the most essential components of an outage management system in the electrical power grid. The real time monitoring capability of sensors helps in total prevention or reduce the impact of disruptions in the trans-mission and distribution networks. Sensors make condition-based maintenance of the power grid possible which can be cost effective and more efficient than the normal scheduled maintenance in certain cases. Sensors also form a very crucial input facing part for most control and monitoring systems as they are solely responsible for the raw fault data acquisition. Various grid parameters collected from the sensors are important for classification and forecasting purposes to provide better predictive, adaptive, and corrective analysis of the nature of functioning and breakdown of instruments in the transmission and distribution lines. Utilization of assets of the power grid is highly increased with the probabilistic risk assessment or contingency analyses using sensors.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Pipe Fitting
Pipe fitting or pipefitting is the occupation of installing or repairing piping or tubing systems that convey liquid, gas, and occasionally solid materials. This work involves selecting and preparing pipe or tubing, joining it together by various means, and the location and repair of leaks. Pipe fitting work is done in many different settings: HVAC, manufacturing, hydraulics, refineries, nuclear-powered supercarriers and fast-attack submarines, computer chip fabrication plants, power plant construction, and other steam systems. Pipe fitters (sometimes called simply "fitters") are represented in the US and Canada by the United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada. Pipefitters work with a variety of pipe and tubing materials including several types of steel, copper, iron, aluminium, and plastic. Pipe fitting is not plumbing; the two are related but separate trades. Pipe fitters who specialize in fire prevention are called Sprinklerfitters, another related, but separate trade. Materials, techniques, and usages vary from country to country as different nations have different standards to install pipe.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Quantum Dots
Quantum dots (QDs) are an advanced nanomaterial technology deem to be useful in clinical and biomedical applications. QDs have given a big impact in biomedical application due to their imaging potential which significantly improved the clinical diagnostics test. Meanwhile, QDs also have the potential to become the nanocarrier for the drug.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Feb 2021
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