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Topic Review
Galileo Probe
The Galileo Probe was an atmospheric-entry probe carried by the main Galileo spacecraft to Jupiter, where it directly entered a hot spot and returned data from the planet. The 339-kilogram (747 lb) probe was built by Hughes Aircraft Company at its El Segundo, California plant, and measured about 1.3 meters (4.3 ft) across. Inside the probe's heat shield, the scientific instruments were protected from extreme heat and pressure during its high-speed journey into the Jovian atmosphere, entering at 47.8 kilometers (29.7 mi) per second. It entered Jupiter on December 7, 1995, 22:04 UTC and stopped functioning at 23:01 UTC, 57 minutes and 36 seconds later.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Communications of UAS Traffic Management
A UAS traffic management (UTM) system requires that each UAV be able to see and be seen; therefore, the communication channel becomes crucial. In the last five years, state-of-the-art research has focused on three types of communication: ADS-B, ADS-B-like communication, and Remote ID. ADS-B is the legacy system currently used in manned flights and has been mandatory since 2020. Similarly, the ADS-B-like system works similarly to ADS-B but uses different types of wireless communication technology such as 4G, XBee, and APRS (automatic packet reporting system). However, Remote ID is a new standard established, based on Bluetooth/Wi-Fi technology that fulfills the requirement for current UTM operations. The communications in UTM can be categorized into ADS-B, Remote ID, and ADS-B-like systems. The information presented here consist of definition, data format, technology, and research application.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Develop Digital Twins for Subsea Pipelines
Digital twins are described as a paradigm combining multi-physics modelling with data-driven analytics, which are used to mirror the life of its corresponding twin. Realistic virtual models of structural systems are shown to bridge the gap between design and construction and to mirror the real and virtual worlds. The concept of the digital twin has also been used in offshore structures as platforms and subsea pipelines throughout the stages of construction and operation life. 
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Digital Twins and Key Performance Indications
A dashboard application is proposed and developed to act as a Digital Twin that would indicate the Measured Value to be held accountable for any future failures. The dashboard is implemented in the Java programming language, while information is stored into a Database that is aggregated by an Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) server. This achieves easy Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) visualization through the dashboard.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Poultry Litter
Poultry litter is a combination of aviary excreta and bedding materials such as wood shavings, sawdust, peanut hulls, shredded sugar cane, straw, or other dry, absorbent, uneaten feed, broken eggs, dead birds, bird feathers and low-cost organic material [1].
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Fabrication Techniques Using Myco-Materials
Within Euro-centric traditions of architecture, the significance of a building is often tied to its permanence. The Pantheon in Rome, for example, is a nearly 2000-year-old cementitious dome structure, whose resilience to time elevates it to a monumental status. Notwithstanding the significance of cultural and economic factors associated with the need for permanent buildings and structures, there is a doubt on whether all buildings should be assembled with the goal of being permanent. Globally, the lifespans of buildings are rapidly decreasing. The average lifespan of buildings in China was reported to be 34 years, and 25 years for residential buildings in Japan. To great detriment, buildings are more than ever being demolished prematurely and yet, use materials that are manufactured with energy-intensive processes and are expensive or impractical to recycle. In the United States alone, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported there was 600 million tons of construction and demolition waste generated in 2018. Structural materials, including wood, and architectural metals, such as steel, copper, and brass, are valuable commodities that can be reused and recycled. However, in present-day architectural assemblies, these materials nearly ubiquitously inter-face with expanded foams, plastics, and resins, sometimes in irreversible composites. For example, wood is widely treated with synthetic resins and glues to increase its resistance to decay or structural performance.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Nano Copper Lubricant Additives
Nanoparticles have as characteristics super sliding, extreme pressure, self-healing, etc., which can improve the friction reduction and anti-wear performance of sliding components, when used as lubricating oil additives. Nano-copper particles have a good synergistic effect with other antifriction agents, anti-wear agents, antioxidants and grease additives because of their low shear strength and grain boundary slip effect, showing a better anti-friction and anti-wear effect. However, nanoparticles are prone to conglomerate, and this causes a bottleneck in the application of dispersant for nano-copper in a lubricating oil system. The regulation of nanosized effect and surface properties has great engineering significance in compensating for the precision in manufacturing accuracy. 
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Biography
Ben Horowitz
Benjamin Abraham Horowitz (born June 13, 1966) is an American businessman, investor, blogger, and author. He is a high technology entrepreneur and co-founder and general partner along with Marc Andreessen of the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz. He previously co-founded and served as president and chief executive officer of the enterprise software company Opsware, which Hewlett-Packard a
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Flexible AC Transmission Systems Technologies
The advancements in power electronics have shown considerable improvement in satisfying the need for voltage stability and power quality improvement by introducing Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology. The main functions of these devices are reactive power compensation, voltage control, and power flow control to enhance better power quality in modern power systems.
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Functions in photovoltaic device system
The defact standard of a solar cell is that electric power generation is made at the same place as  photoharvesting is performed, i.e., the function of photoharvesting/photoreception is spatially degenerated with that of electric power generation (photo-electroconversion). Here, in this review paper, we investigate how liberated we are when the degeneracy is lifted off. A conventional concentrator system is, in a sense, a system in which the primary photoharvesting place is decoupled from the photo-conversion part, but is too bulky because the two parts are connected three-dimensionally by photons. We propose a two-dimensional photoreceptor-conversion (2DPRC) scheme in which the photoreception part is spatially decoupled from, but is two-dimensionally connected to the photo-conversion part by a redirection waveguide (RWG). The whole system is in an edge-illumination/photoinjection configuration and concentrator system is quite naturally built, and the edge-injection lift off the trade-off between photo-absorption and photo-carrier collection in the conventional solar cell, leading to a possible high conversion efficiency.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Oct 2020
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