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Topic Review
High-Speed Train Noise Control Methods
The sound of trains is considered a disturbance to most residents around the railroad and train passengers, and the sound generated by trains can interfere with sleep, life, and work. With increases in train speed, the main noise from high-speed trains has changed from rolling noise to aerodynamic noise, and the noise level and noise frequency range have also changed significantly. The current methods of noise reduction for trains are discussed.
  • 2.1K
  • 09 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Active Hand Exoskeletons
Hand exoskeletons are still an active research field due to challenges that engineers face and are trying to solve. Each hand exoskeleton has certain requirements to fulfil to achieve their aims. 
  • 2.1K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
El Toro Loco (Truck)
El Toro Loco (Spanish for "The Crazy Bull") is a monster truck currently racing in the Monster Jam series. It is currently driven by Kayla Blood. Other drivers of have included Dan Rodoni, Aaron Basl, Ryan Huffaker, Joey Parnell, Chris Baker, and Nathan Weenk. It features one of the first 3-D body shells, with horns sticking out of the roof. This body was originally designed for Bulldozer, and was found a second use for El Toro Loco. As El Toro Loco has increased in popularity, it has become the primary truck for the body style.
  • 2.1K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Hybrid Microgrid System
A novel energy management system for a hybrid microgrid has been developed that uses a new control algorithm termed Inefficient Power Conversion Elimination Algorithm (IPCEA). The proposed algorithm compares the Net Transferable Power (NTP) available at the DC side with the loss rate across the converter. The converter is switched off (or disconnected from the grid and load) if the NTP is less than 20% of the converter rating to avoid low-efficiency power conversion. The solar PV system is connected to the DC bus to supply the DC loads while the AC loads are supplied from the AC source (utility power). An auxiliary battery pack has been integrated to the DC side to feed DC loads during the absence of solar energy. Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) has been deployed to manage energy distribution effectively. Power distribution is managed using a centralized microgrid controller, and the load demand is met accordingly. Thereby, power generated by solar PV can be utilized effectively. Microgrid technology's effectiveness is emphasized by comparative analysis, and the achievements have been discussed in detail and highlighted using a prototype model. The proposed study intends to design a novel switching strategy to incorporate a hybrid microgrid in the distribution system effectively. It comprises the following conventional electrical installation with an intelligent microgrid distribution system: i) To implement a renewable-based IPCEA considering the availability of Net Transferable Power (NTP) at DC bus and the rate of converter loss to minimize low efficient power conversion. ii) To effectively manage battery energy within the DC side of the microgrid to minimize the charge cycle and improve its performance.  iii) To decrease the stress on the utility grid by reducing the rate of power exchange.
  • 2.1K
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
IoT Wearable Sensors
 Interconnected sensing technology, such as IoT wearables and devices, present a promising solution for objective, reliable, and remote monitoring, assessment, and support through ambient assisted living.
  • 2.1K
  • 13 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Cellular Data Communication Protocol
The protocols described here are from different cellular data communication protocols.
  • 2.1K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Road Infrastructure
The implementation of sustainability in road infrastructure has become dependent on providing measurements and guidance for including sustainable principles in road projects, resulting in a dozen voluntary certification and rating systems to evaluate the level of sustainability of road design, construction, and maintenance. The predominance of issues which analyse the life cycle assessment of road infrastructures in its both environmental and economic dimension as a way to mitigate their effects on climate change, including the reduction of resources and energy consumption, or of energy consumption and greenhouse gases emissions during the construction and operation stages, respectively.
  • 2.0K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
A Low-Cost, Flexible Pressure Capacitor Sensor using Polyurethane for Wireless Vehicle Detection
Detection of vehicles on the road can contribute to the establishment of an intelligent transportation management system to allow smooth transportation and the reduction of road accidents. Thus far, an efficient and low-cost polymer flexible pressure sensor for vehicle detection is lacking. This paper presents a flexible sensor for vehicle sensing and demonstrates a wireless system for monitoring vehicles on the road. A vehicle sensor is fabricated by sandwiching a polyurethane material between Aluminum top/bottom electrodes. The sensing mechanism is based on changes in capacitance due to variation in the distance between the two electrodes at an applied external pressure. A clear response against a pressure load of 0.65 Mpa is observed, which is the same pressure as that of the car tire area in contact with the road. Significantly, the sensor is easy to embed on the road line due to its mechanical flexibility and large size. A field test is carried out by embedding the sensor on the road and crossing the sensor with a car. Moreover, the signal displayed on the tablet indicates that the sensing system can be used for wireless detection of the axle, speed, or weight of the vehicle on the road. The findings suggest that the flexible pressure sensor is a promising tool for use as a low-cost vehicle detector in future intelligent transportation management.
  • 2.0K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Construction and Demolition Waste Marketplace
Rapid population growth and urbanization have led to an increase in Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste, prompting government and industry bodies to develop better waste management practices. Waste trading has emerged as a targeted intervention to divert waste from landfill sites and create a second life for waste material. This paper examines key barriers and enablers influencing the creation of a marketplace for waste trading. A systematic literature review was undertaken to examine global efforts in creating a marketplace for C&D waste. A framework on enablers and barriers for developing a marketplace for C&D waste emerged from the review, based on market-based, operational, and governance factors. References demonstrated that markets for materials such as glass and metals have already been established, but there are increasing marketplace opportunities for other recycled materials. Technology-based market applications are emerging as targeted interventions to facilitate online trading, which will provide a more accessible and user-friendly marketplace for sellers and buyers. Further research should test the complex interactions between people and technology associated with online waste trading platforms, as well as help develop the business case for a C&D waste marketplace.
  • 2.0K
  • 10 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Heat Pump
The Heat Pump (HP) is an environmentally friendly and renewable energy technology that exploits renewable heat energy from the ground, air or water for building or industrial applications by reversing the natural heat flow from a lower to a higher useful temperature. HP technology is commonly classified according to its source, function, type of energy and application. The HPs in cold climate countries are accepted as one of the most outstanding technologies of heating in both residential and commercial buildings, because they provide high seasonal performance factor (SPF), 1.8–3.4 for air source heat pump (ASHP) and 2.5–5.6 for ground source heat pump (GSHP) and water source heat pump (WSHP). However, the spread is large, because of different equipment, design and installation quality as well as maintenance. 
  • 2.0K
  • 28 Jan 2022
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