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Topic Review
Relation between Energy Efficiency and Industry 4.0
The industrial sector is the most energy-consuming sector before the transport and residential sectors. It accounts for about 31% of the overall energy consumption. For this reason, manufacturers are placing increasing emphasis on energy efficiency through improvements in energy management, energy devices, and insulation. Energy efficiency improvement is the application of engineering principles and best practices to control the energy consumption of a facility. It is a continuous process that requires the full involvement of all stakeholders (managers, engineers, workers, etc.) to identify, formulate proposals, and implement energy efficiency technologies and practices to reduce energy consumption. Many technologies and practices are currently available and in development that could save energy if adopted by industry, classified into two main categories: energy management technologies and energy devices. In addition, various tools and methods are used, such as energy monitoring tools, process modeling and integration, optimization and simulation tools, energy analysis and decision support tools, etc. One of the recent innovations is the introduction of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing, in other words, the transition to the new industrial era.
  • 2.1K
  • 15 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Construction and Demolition Waste Marketplace
Rapid population growth and urbanization have led to an increase in Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste, prompting government and industry bodies to develop better waste management practices. Waste trading has emerged as a targeted intervention to divert waste from landfill sites and create a second life for waste material. This paper examines key barriers and enablers influencing the creation of a marketplace for waste trading. A systematic literature review was undertaken to examine global efforts in creating a marketplace for C&D waste. A framework on enablers and barriers for developing a marketplace for C&D waste emerged from the review, based on market-based, operational, and governance factors. References demonstrated that markets for materials such as glass and metals have already been established, but there are increasing marketplace opportunities for other recycled materials. Technology-based market applications are emerging as targeted interventions to facilitate online trading, which will provide a more accessible and user-friendly marketplace for sellers and buyers. Further research should test the complex interactions between people and technology associated with online waste trading platforms, as well as help develop the business case for a C&D waste marketplace.
  • 2.1K
  • 10 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Motorcycle Market
In many cities, urbanization has led to a rapid increase in the demand for mobility. Most of this new demand has been satisfied by the individual private transport industry, within which motorcycles have an important share: around 30% of the vehicles in the world are motorcycles. Thus, the motorcycle market has experienced an upward trend, especially in developing countries. That uncontrolled growth brings along mobility, accidents, and environment-related issues that concern policy-makers. Research trends regarding this matter evidence that greenhouse gas emissions, sustainability, environmental impact, and developing countries are the topics of greater interest for researchers. In addition, taking into account the needs of modern cities, sustainable modes of transport such as electric and shared mobility are compulsory as a priority on governments' agendas. 
  • 2.1K
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag Characteristics and Properties
Basic oxygen furnace slag is an significant environmental liability produced by the steel industry, considering the volume of material produced and its specific physical and chemical characteristics. To further understand the advantages and limitations of BOF slag aggregate and to establish its role in the replacement of natural sand in Portland cement concrete, the slag was characterized in depth in terms of both its physical and morphological properties.
  • 2.1K
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
El Toro Loco (Truck)
El Toro Loco (Spanish for "The Crazy Bull") is a monster truck currently racing in the Monster Jam series. It is currently driven by Kayla Blood. Other drivers of have included Dan Rodoni, Aaron Basl, Ryan Huffaker, Joey Parnell, Chris Baker, and Nathan Weenk. It features one of the first 3-D body shells, with horns sticking out of the roof. This body was originally designed for Bulldozer, and was found a second use for El Toro Loco. As El Toro Loco has increased in popularity, it has become the primary truck for the body style.
  • 2.1K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Hybrid Microgrid System
A novel energy management system for a hybrid microgrid has been developed that uses a new control algorithm termed Inefficient Power Conversion Elimination Algorithm (IPCEA). The proposed algorithm compares the Net Transferable Power (NTP) available at the DC side with the loss rate across the converter. The converter is switched off (or disconnected from the grid and load) if the NTP is less than 20% of the converter rating to avoid low-efficiency power conversion. The solar PV system is connected to the DC bus to supply the DC loads while the AC loads are supplied from the AC source (utility power). An auxiliary battery pack has been integrated to the DC side to feed DC loads during the absence of solar energy. Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) has been deployed to manage energy distribution effectively. Power distribution is managed using a centralized microgrid controller, and the load demand is met accordingly. Thereby, power generated by solar PV can be utilized effectively. Microgrid technology's effectiveness is emphasized by comparative analysis, and the achievements have been discussed in detail and highlighted using a prototype model. The proposed study intends to design a novel switching strategy to incorporate a hybrid microgrid in the distribution system effectively. It comprises the following conventional electrical installation with an intelligent microgrid distribution system: i) To implement a renewable-based IPCEA considering the availability of Net Transferable Power (NTP) at DC bus and the rate of converter loss to minimize low efficient power conversion. ii) To effectively manage battery energy within the DC side of the microgrid to minimize the charge cycle and improve its performance.  iii) To decrease the stress on the utility grid by reducing the rate of power exchange.
  • 2.1K
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
IoT Wearable Sensors
 Interconnected sensing technology, such as IoT wearables and devices, present a promising solution for objective, reliable, and remote monitoring, assessment, and support through ambient assisted living.
  • 2.1K
  • 13 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Waste Cooking Oil for Biofuel in India
Waste or used cooking oil (WCO/UCO) is a common source of trans fat consumed by Indians, leading to many non-communicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, cancer, etc. In fact, out of 230 million MT of edible oil consumption, India is currently capable of producing only 3 million MT of biodiesel. Moreover, with the increased emphasis on the circular economy to improve rural employment opportunities, India should adopt a complete exergy analysis of biodiesel production from WCO.
  • 2.1K
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Bus Scheduling with Evolutionary Optimization
In public transport operations, vehicles tend to bunch together due to the instability of passenger demand and traffic conditions. Fluctuation of the expected waiting times of passengers at bus stops due to bus bunching is perceived as service unreliability and degrades the overall quality of service. For assessing the performance of high-frequency bus services, transportation authorities monitor the daily operations via Transit Management Systems (TMS) that collect vehicle positioning information in near real-time. This work explores the potential of using Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) data from the running vehicles for generating bus schedules that improve the service reliability and conform to various regulatory constraints. The computer-aided generation of optimal bus schedules is a tedious task due to the nonlinear and multi-variable nature of the bus scheduling problem. For this reason, this work develops a two-level approach where (i) the regulatory constraints are satisfied and (ii) the waiting times of passengers are optimized with the introduction of an evolutionary algorithm. This work also discusses the experimental results from the implementation of such an approach in a bi-directional bus line operated by a major bus operator in northern Europe.
  • 2.1K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (American English), Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (Commonwealth English), or carbon fiber reinforced plastic, or carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRP, CRP, CFRTP, or often simply carbon fiber, carbon composite, or even carbon), is an extremely strong and light fiber-reinforced plastic which contains carbon fibers. The spelling 'fibre' is typically used outside the US. CFRPs can be expensive to produce, but are commonly used wherever high strength-to-weight ratio and stiffness (rigidity) are required, such as aerospace, superstructures of ships, automotive, civil engineering, sports equipment, and an increasing number of consumer and technical applications. The binding polymer is often a thermoset resin such as epoxy, but other thermoset or thermoplastic polymers, such as polyester, vinyl ester, or nylon, are sometimes used. The composite material may contain aramid (e.g. Kevlar, Twaron), ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), aluminium, or glass fibers in addition to carbon fibers. The properties of the final CFRP product can also be affected by the type of additives introduced to the binding matrix (resin). The most common additive is silica, but other additives such as rubber and carbon nanotubes can be used. The material is also referred to as graphite-reinforced polymer or graphite fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP is less common, as it clashes with glass-(fiber)-reinforced polymer).
  • 2.1K
  • 28 Nov 2022
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