Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Anemia in Kawasaki disease
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute childhood vasculitis syndrome that affects the walls of both small- and medium-sized blood vessels (vasculitis), especially coronary arteries. Anemia is a common clinical feature in KD patients and is thought to have a more prolonged duration of active inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the anemia in KD, possibility of hemolysis, the necessity of iron supplementation and importance of anemia in the pathogenesis of KD.
  • 3.6K
  • 05 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Aneurysm prevention in Kawasaki Disease
 A form of systemic vasculitis that affects mostly small and medium-sized vessels, Kawasaki disease (KD) is most commonly found in children under the age of 5 years old. Though its etiology is unknown, KD has been the most frequent acquired heart disease in developing countries. The most severe complications of KD are coronary artery lesions (CAL), including dilation, fistula, aneurysm, arterial remodeling, stenosis, and occlusion. Aneurysm formation has been observed in 20-25% of KD patients that do not receive intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment, and in 3-5% that do receive it. Coronary artery dilation has been found in about 30% of KD patients in the acute stage, although mostly in the transient form. Diminishing the occurrence and regression of aneurysm is a vital part of treating KD. This review is focuing on coronary artery aneurysm prevention in KD.
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Antioxidant Supplements and Type 2 Diabetes Prevention
Oxidative stress (OxS) is a physiologically significant alteration in redox status resulting from the overproduction of reactive species and or the reduction in antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress (OxS) has emerged as a likely initiating factor in T2D. Antioxidant supplements may act to slow or prevent T2D by multiple mechanisms, i.e., (1) reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress, (2) preventing the damaging effects of lipid peroxidation, and (3) acting as essential cofactors for antioxidant enzymes. 
  • 285
  • 01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Assessment of Oxidative Stress in Neonatal Brain Damage
Oxidative stress (OS) constitutes a pivotal factor within the mechanisms underlying brain damage, for which the immature brain is particularly vulnerable. This vulnerability is caused by the abundance of immature oligodendrocytes in the immature brain, which are highly susceptible to OS-induced harm. Consequently, any injurious process involving OS within the immature brain can lead to long-term myelination impairment. Among the detrimental repercussions of OS, protein carbonylation stands out as a prominently deleterious consequence. Noteworthy elevation of protein carbonylation is observable across diverse models of neonatal brain injury, following both diffuse and focal hypoxic–ischemic insults, as well as intraventricular hemorrhage, in diverse animal species encompassing rodents and larger mammals, and at varying stages of brain development. In the immature brain, protein carbonylation manifests as a byproduct of reactive nitrogen species, bearing profound implications for cell injury, particularly in terms of inflammation amplification. Moreover, protein carbonylation appears as a therapeutic target for mitigating neonatal brain damage. The administration of a potent antioxidant, such as cannabidiol, yields substantial neuroprotective effects. 
  • 158
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Asthma and Childhood Obesity
Several epidemiological studies have described childhood obesity as a risk factor for atopic disease, particularly asthma. At the same time, this association seems to be more conflicting for allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria.
  • 176
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Asthma Inception in Children
Asthma is the most frequent chronic childhood disease: the mean worldwide symptom prevalence of current wheezing in the last 12 months is about 13% in adolescents (13–14 years) and 11% in children (6–7 years). It is thus not uncommon for these two prevalent diseases to coincide in a considerable number of children; if the prevalence remained the same as in the general population there should be approximately 2% of obese, asthmatic children. If asthma favoured the development of obesity or vice versa, then this figure would have to be even higher.
  • 343
  • 15 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor in Taiwan
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare, highly aggressive embryonal brain tumor most commonly presenting in young children. Older age, supratentorial site, and treatment with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or both were significantly associated with better survival of patients with AT/RT in Taiwan. 
  • 508
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents
Pediatric obesity is a multifaceted disease that can impact physical and mental health. It is a complex condition that interweaves biological, developmental, environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors. In most cases lifestyle and behavioral modification as well as medical treatment led to poor short-term weight reduction and long-term failure. Thus, bariatric surgery should be considered in adolescents with moderate to severe obesity who have previously participated in lifestyle interventions with unsuccessful outcomes.
  • 2.9K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Basis for Treatment of  Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Ductus arteriosus (DA) serves a crucial role in utero by redirecting the oxygenated blood away from the fluid-filled fetal lungs, and towards the systemic circulation for optimal fetal development. Typically, in term infants, DA undergoes functional constriction and closure within 1–3 days after birth, followed by tissue remodeling to ensure permanent closure. However, the DA may remain persistently patent postnatally, especially in very preterm infants, and is commonly referred to as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Its prevalence is inversely proportional to gestational age; more than 60% of preterm infants under 28 weeks of gestational age (GA) continue to have PDA 7 days after birth or longer. 
  • 65
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Bathing in Atopic Dermatitis in Pediatric Age
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The treatment plays an important role in influencing the patients’ quality of life. The basic management consists of appropriate skin cleansing, including bathing and eventually using bathing additives. Recommendations regarding frequency and duration of bathing, water temperature and usefulness of bathing additives are widely different, often leading to confusion among patients. 
  • 145
  • 26 Feb 2024
  • Page
  • of
  • 26
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Feedback