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Topic Review
Gold and Silver Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Sensors
Gold and Silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs) are perfect platforms for developing sensing colorimetric devices thanks to their high surface to volume ratio and distinctive optical properties, particularly sensitive to changes in the surrounding environment. These characteristics ensure high sensitivity in colorimetric devices. Au and Ag nanoparticles can be capped with suitable molecules that can act as specific analyte receptors, so highly selective sensors can be obtained.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
GO/TiO2-Related Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts in Wastewater Treatment
Photocatalysis is a more recently applied concept and is proven to be able to completely remove and degrade pollutants into simpler organic compounds. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a fine example of a photocatalyst owing to its cost-effectiveness and superb efficiency. However, issues such as the high recombination rate of photogenerated electrons along with positive holes while being only limited to UV irradiation need to be addressed. Carbonaceous materials such as graphene oxide (GO) can overcome such issues by reducing the recombination rate and providing a platform for adsorption accompanied by photocatalytic degradation of TiO2.
  • 540
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Glyphosate
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine CAS#1071-83-6] is one of the most extensively used broad-spectrum organophosphorus herbicides [1]. It is a widely used herbicide in agriculture against perennial and annual weeds and in silviculture, domestic gardens, and urban areas [2]. 
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Glyoxylates and Related Structures as Photoinitiators of Polymerization
The design of photoinitiators activable under low-light intensity is an active research field, supported by the energetic sobriety plans imposed by numerous countries in Europe. With an aim to simplify the composition of the photocurable resins, Type I photoinitiators are actively researched as these structures can act as monocomponent systems. In this field, a family of structures has been under-investigated at present, namely, glyoxylates. 
  • 264
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Glycosides
Glycosides have been identified in almost every type of plant tissue including leaves, roots, stems, and reproductive organs (i.e., flowering and fruiting bodies). The direct role of glycosides in plants is still uncertain, but it is hypothesized that glycosides were a part of the “chemodiversity” necessary for plants to survive. The addition of sugar moieties onto hydrophobic aglycones changes the overall polarity and water solubility of the aglycone. The increased polarity of the glycoside allows for detoxification, storage, and transport within the plant.
  • 1.0K
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Glycopolymers Targeting Viruses
Diseases induced by bacterial and viral infections are common occurrences in our daily life, and the main prevention and treatment strategies are vaccination and taking antibacterial/antiviral drugs. Vaccines can only be used for specific viral infections, and the abuse of antibacterial/antiviral drugs will create multi−drug−resistant bacteria and viruses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more targeted prevention and treatment methods against bacteria and viruses. Proteins on the surface of bacteria and viruses can specifically bind to sugar, so glycopolymers can be used as potential antibacterial and antiviral drugs.
  • 360
  • 09 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Glycol Chitosan for Cell Imaging and Drug Delivery
Glycol chitosan (GC), a water-soluble chitosan derivative with hydrophilic ethylene glycol branches, has both hydrophobic segments for the encapsulation of various drugs and reactive functional groups for facile chemical modifications.
  • 563
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
GlycoCDs
Glycocyclodextrins (glycoCDs) comprise a family of cyclodextrin-based multivalent glycoclusters in which unique 3D displays of glycoepitopes can be achieved. As a consequence of the conformational rigidity and dense functional display of cyclodextrins, and taking advantage of selective chemical functionalization and "click chemistry" schemes, the upper/lower distribution of glycoepitopes and the inward/outward hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance can be precisely tailored and tunned to achieve complex functional properties such as programed self-(dis)assembling or biological recognition processes.
  • 536
  • 11 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Gluten Conformation at Different Temperatures and Additive Treatments
The effect of temperature (25, 45, and 65 °C) on the gluten secondary structure was investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and modulation of disulfide and hydrogen bonds contributions (100 ppm ascorbic acid (AA), 0.6% diacetyl tartaric acid ester of monoglycerides (DATEM), and 0.25 mM dithiothreitol (DTT)). The results showed that additives heated at 65 °C altered most of the gluten matrix formation by changing structural secondary structures compared to the secondary structures of native gluten (control). The content of random coils, α-helices, and β-sheet of gluten increased, while the extent of β-turns and antiparallel β-sheets decreased, which led to the transformation to a more stable secondary conformation. In addition, the rheological properties (%creep strain) revealed that gluten deformation increased during the heating process with all of the additives. The chemometric method could quantitate an overall alteration of gluten polymerization and gluten matrix formation during heating with additive treatments. 
  • 865
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Glucosinolates (GSs)
Glucosinolates, anionic plant secondary metabolites shared in order Brassicales together with Glucosinolates Hydrolysis Products have recently gained much focus due to their biological activities and mechanisms of action. We reviewed from various scientific databases, the health benefits of GSs/GSHPs, approaches to improve plant contents, their bioavailability, and bioactivity. Findings indicate these compounds (natural, pure, synthetic, and derivatives) play an important role in human/animals (disease therapy and prevention), plant health (defense chemicals, biofumigants/biocides), and food industries (preservatives). Overall, much interest focuses on in vitro studies as anti-cancers and antimicrobials. In plant, GSs/GSHPs improvement utilizes mostly biotic/abiotic stresses and short periods of phytohormones application. Their availability and bioactivity are directly proportional to their contents at the source which is affected by methods of food preparation, processing, and extraction. We, conclude that, to a greater extent, there is a need to explore and improve GSs rich sources, and these should be emphasized to obtain natural bioactive compounds/ active ingredients that can be included among synthetic and commercial products for use in maintaining and promoting health. Furthermore, the development of advanced researches on compounds pharmacokinetics, their molecular mode of action, genetics-based on biosynthesis, their uses in promoting the health of living organisms is highlighted.
  • 716
  • 28 Aug 2020
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