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Topic Review
Sustainable Catalytic Pyranopyrazole Scaffolds’ Synthesis
Heterocycles are important components of many natural materials and are extremely valuable in organic and medicinal chemistry. Among the heterocyclic entities, pyranopyrazole moieties have demonstrated remarkable biochemical behaviours and activities which provide a versatile skeleton for drug innovation. Hence, many nitrogen-based, fused structures have been incorporated as building blocks of various pharmacological potent scaffolds. Pyranopyrazoles are known for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, cholinesterase-inhibiting, antibacterial and anticancer activities, as well as for their efficacy in treating Alzheimer’s disease. Because of this, several cost-effective synthetic protocols for synthesising pyranopyrazole derivatives—utilising less expensive substrates, reusable catalysts, and eco-friendly solvents—have been developed.
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Antibacterial Agents for Concrete
Concrete is the most used material for the construction of millions of structures around the world. Cementitious structures are often exposed to high humidity environments and the attack of atmospheric agents, such as acid rain, which make them vulnerable to microbial attachment with consequent colonization and deterioration over time. In the light of these considerations, the researchers turned their attention to designing green and sustainable alternative materials that exhibit similar characteristics to the traditional concrete by using nanotechnologies.
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Magnetic Nanoparticles
Technological development is in constant progress in the oncological field. The search for new concepts and strategies for improving cancer diagnosis, treatment and outcomes constitutes a necessary and continuous process, aiming at more specificity, efficiency, safety and better quality of life of the patients throughout the treatment. Nanotechnology embraces these purposes, offering a wide armamentarium of nanosized systems with the potential to incorporate both diagnosis and therapeutic features, towards real-time monitoring of cancer treatment. Within the nanotechnology field, magnetic nanosystems stand out as complex and promising nanoparticles with magnetic properties, that enable the use of these constructs for magnetic resonance imaging and thermal therapy purposes. Additionally, magnetic nanoparticles can be tailored for increased specificity and reduced toxicity, and functionalized with contrast, targeting and therapeutic agents, revealing great potential as multifunctional nanoplatforms for application in cancer theranostics. This review aims at providing a comprehensive description of the current designs, characterization techniques, synthesis methods, and the role of magnetic nanoparticles as promising nanotheranostic agents. A critical appraisal of the impact, potentialities and challenges associated with each technology is also presented.
  • 1.0K
  • 23 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Polyamine Detection Methods
The biogenic aliphatic polyamines (spermine, spermidine, and putrescine) are responsible for numerous cell functions, including cell proliferation, the stabilization of nucleic acid conformations, cell division, homeostasis, gene expression, and protein synthesis in living organisms. The change of polyamine concentrations in the urine or blood is usually related to the presence of malignant tumors and is regarded as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of cancer. Therefore, the detection of polyamine levels in physiological fluids can provide valuable information in terms of cancer diagnosis and in monitoring therapeutic effects. 
  • 1.0K
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Boron Nitride Materials
Boron nitride 2D materials are characterized by several defects which affect their optical properties. A better in-sight of the structure is achieved by theoretical calculations which have been used to investigate the boron-nitride defects and their functionalization on the atomic scale. A brief overview of the main theoretical models used to describe the defects-properties relationship is given in the present entry.
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Stevia Genus
Phytochemistry and biological activities update of Stevia genus.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 May 2021
Topic Review
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Based Sensors
Extensive use of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) has been done for the fabrication and implementation of flexible sensors due to their enhanced electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. These nanotubes have been deployed both in pure and composite forms for obtaining highly efficient sensors in terms of sensitivity, robustness, and longevity.
  • 1.0K
  • 17 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Added-Value Chemicals from Lignin Oxidation
Lignocellulosic biomass, including hardwood, softwood, and herbaceous crops, is an abundant renewable resource mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The typical lignin content may vary from 18 to 33% in softwoods, 15 to 30% in hardwoods, and 5 to 30% in herbaceous crops. However, most biorefineries are currently focused on the valorization of cellulose and hemicellulose, a so-called sugar-based platform. In this context, lignin is usually considered as a low-value residual product and has significant potential as a renewable resource to produce bio-based materials, fuels, and valuable chemicals.
  • 1.0K
  • 23 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Ligands for Alzheimer’s Disease therapy
Despite tremendous research efforts at every level, globally, there is still a lack of effectivedrugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biochemical mechanisms of this devastatingneurodegenerative disease are not yet clearly understood. This review analyses the relevance ofmultiple ligands in drug discovery for AD as a versatile toolbox for a polypharmacological approachto AD. Herein, we highlight major targets associated with AD, ranging from acetylcholine esterase(AChE), beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1), glycogen synthase kinase3 beta ( GSK-3β), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, monoamine oxidases (MAOs), metal ions inthe brain, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors, the third subtype of histamine receptor (H3 receptor),to phosphodiesterases (PDEs), along with a summary of their respective relationship to the diseasenetwork. In addition, a multitarget strategy for AD is presented, based on reported milestones in thisarea and the recent progress that has been achieved with multitargeted-directed ligands (MTDLs).Finally, the latest publications referencing the enlarged panel of new biological targets for AD relatedto the microglia are highlighted. However, the question of how to find meaningful combinations oftargets for an MTDLs approach remains unanswered.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Organosolv Lignin-Based Polyurethane
Polyurethanes (PUs) present an important class of polymers due to outstanding mechanical, chemical and physical properties. Thus, they find application in many industrial sectors in the form of flexible or rigid foams, coatings, adhesives, elastomers, thermoplasts or thermosets. Modern PU coating applications include self-healing coating films that can also be applied to rather rough surfaces, such as wood.
  • 1.0K
  • 22 Mar 2022
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