Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
BN Nanostructures and BN-Based Nanohybrids
Due to its unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, such as a low specific density, large specific surface area, excellent thermal stability, oxidation resistance, low friction, good dispersion stability, enhanced adsorbing capacity, large interlayer shear force, and wide bandgap, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanostructures are of great interest in many fields. These include, but are not limited to, (i) heterogeneous catalysts, (ii) promising nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells and nanoparticles containing therapeutic agents to fight bacterial and fungal infections, (iii) reinforcing phases in metal, ceramics, and polymer matrix composites, (iv) additives to liquid lubricants, (v) substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, (vi) agents for boron neutron capture therapy, (vii) water purifiers, (viii) gas and biological sensors, and (ix) quantum dots, single photon emitters, and heterostructures for electronic, plasmonic, optical, optoelectronic, semiconductor, and magnetic devices. BNNPs and BN-based nanohybrids exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activity.
  • 498
  • 31 Aug 2022
Topic Review
BODIPY-Based Molecules for Organic PhotoVoltaics
The 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-based molecules have emerged as interesting material for optoelectronic applications. This type of structure is commonly described as an example of a “rigidified” monomethine cyanine dye or as a boradiazaindacene by analogy with the all-carbon tricyclic ring and the numbering of any substituents follows rule setup for the carbon polycycles (see COVER). This dye has also been  called “porphyrin’s little sister” and this happy definition has been so successful that in analogy with porphyrinic systems, the 8-position is often referred to as the meso site. The facile structural modification of BODIPY core provides an opportunity to fine-tune its photophysical and optoelectronic properties thanks to the presence of eight reactive sites which allows for the developing of a large number of functionalized derivatives for various applications. In particular, BODIPY dyes find increasing application in laser dyes, organic electronic (OLED and OPV), bioimmagining,  thanks to their properties  like high fluorescent quantum yield, sharp absorption and emission peak,  photostability and stability under physiological conditions. Because of this they can be used also  as probes for pH changes, detection of cations, anions and so on.
  • 783
  • 01 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Bone Fragility
Bone material strength is determined by several factors, such as bone mass, matrix composition, mineralization, architecture and shape. From a clinical perspective, bone fragility is classified as primary (i.e., genetic and rare) or secondary (i.e., acquired and common) osteoporosis
  • 782
  • 02 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Bone Grafts and Substitutes for Bone Repair
The ideal biomaterials substitute for bone repair should possess the following characteristics: provide osteogenic, osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties; stimulate the neo-angiogenesis process; absence of antigenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic reactions; avoid the systemic toxicity complications; assure satisfactory support and stability from mechanical properties point of view; hydrophilic nature of the surface properties and good interface with human bone; good handling in clinical condition and ability to be easy sterilized; and able to be supplied in sufficient quantities with reduced costs.
  • 326
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Bone Metastases
Bone metastasis remains a major cause of death in cancer patients, and current therapies for bone metastatic disease are mainly palliative. Bone metastases arise after cancer cells have colonized the bone and co-opted the normal bone remodeling process.
  • 597
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Bone Repair Strategies
In comparison with the bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategy, the facilitated endogenous tissue engineering (FEBTE) strategy as a novel practical approach tries to eliminate time-consuming and costly tedious process: tissue harvest, cell isolation and ex vivo co-culture with a scaffold. Based on this, the FEBTE strategy as a facile and effective strategy, is booming in bone tissue regeneration. Particularly,  chitosan (CS)-based scaffolds with versatile qualities including good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable physicochemical and biological properties could recruit endogenous stem cells homing and differentiation towards lesion areas during  the process of bone repair.
  • 352
  • 29 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Boron Chemicals
Boron-based bioactive compounds have provided amphiphilic properties to facilitate interaction with protein targets. Indeed, the spectrum of boron-based entities as drug candidates against many diseases has grown tremendously since the first clinically tested boron-based drug, Velcade. 
  • 878
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Boron Nitride Materials
Boron nitride 2D materials are characterized by several defects which affect their optical properties. A better in-sight of the structure is achieved by theoretical calculations which have been used to investigate the boron-nitride defects and their functionalization on the atomic scale. A brief overview of the main theoretical models used to describe the defects-properties relationship is given in the present entry.
  • 958
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Boron Used in Lithium Batteries Electrolytes
Boron and boron compounds have been extensively studied together in the history and development of lithium batteries, which are crucial to decarbonization in the automotive industry and beyond. As early as the year 2000, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, also known as LiBOB, was first reported for synthesis and use in electrolytes of LIBs. Because of the merits of being halide-free and more thermally stable than LiPF6, LiBOB has been proven beneficial either as a direct replacement for LiPF6 or as an electrolyte additive (2 wt%) in a nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA)—graphite system.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Boron Vehiculating Nanosystems in Cancer Treatment
Boron neutron capture therapy is a low-invasive cancer therapy based on the neutron fission process that occurs upon thermal neutron irradiation of 10B-containing compounds; this process causes the release of alpha particles that selectively damage cancer cells. Although several clinical studies involving mercaptoundecahydro-closo-dodecaborate and the boronophenylalanine–fructose complex are currently ongoing, the success of this promising anticancer therapy is hampered by the lack of appropriate drug delivery systems to selectively carry therapeutic concentrations of boron atoms to cancer tissues, allowing prolonged boron retention therein and avoiding the damage of healthy tissues. To achieve these goals, numerous research groups have explored the possibility to formulate nanoparticulate systems for boron delivery. Here the researchers report the newest developments on boron vehiculating drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles, distinguished on the basis of the type of carrier used, with a specific focus on the formulation aspects.
  • 459
  • 21 Dec 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 465
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback