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Topic Review
Awareness and Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus
The burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV-related diseases, particularly cervical cancer, are still very high in Africa. Unlike HIV/AIDS, the burden is still largely unrecognized in several African countries. HPV is diagnosed in more than 90% of cervical cancers, which are the most common cause of cancer death among women in Africa. Overall, HPV infection and related diseases are more prevalent in developing countries with minimal resources to tackle them. For instance, Africa is characterized by low access to health services and cancer care in particular.
  • 166
  • 31 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Ayurveda and Epigenetics
Ayurveda is a comprehensive, natural health care system that originated in the ancient Vedic times of India. Epigenetics refers to the external modification of DNA that turns genes on and off, affecting gene expression. This occurs without changes in the basic structure of the DNA. This gene expression can have transgenerational effects. The major factors that cause epigenetic changes are lifestyle and behavior, diet and digestion, stress, and environmental factors. Ayurveda addresses these factors, thereby affecting the Deha (body) Prakriti (psychophysiological constitution), which corresponds to the phenotype, and indirectly the Janma (birth) Prakriti, which corresponds to the genotype. Thus, it is proposed that epigenetics is an important mechanism of Ayurveda.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Azoospermia
Azoospermia (a-, without + –zoo– » Greek zôion, animal + –spermia– » Greek sperma, sperm/seed) is defined by the absence of sperm in the ejaculate.
  • 991
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
B Cell Lymphoma 2 and Cancer Therapy
Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic protein that is associated with several cancer progression. Bcl-2 was the first protein to be documented among the Bcl-2 family proteins. It was the first gene exhibited to promote prolonged cell survival and growth rather than enhanced proliferation, which revealed that inhibition of cell death is vital in tumorigenesis.
  • 809
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Vaccine against Mycobacterium leprae Infections
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine made from attenuated strains of M. bovis, a close relative of M. tuberculosis, and is routinely used in countries where tuberculosis (TB) is hyper-endemic. Mycobacterium leprae is a non-motile, acid-fast bacillus from the mycobacterium family. M. leprae is a non-culturable, obligate intracellular pathogen that causes a chronic granulomatous infection characterized predominantly by peripheral nerve damage and prominent skin lesions known as Leprosy or Hansen’s disease.
  • 327
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Bacteria in Healthcare Units
Healthcare units consist of numerous people circulating daily, such as workers, patients, and companions, and these people are vehicles for the transmission of microorganisms, such as bacteria. Bacteria species may have different allergenic, pathogenic, infectious, or toxic properties that can affect humans.
  • 514
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Basic Components of Osmotic Pump Systems
Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) is a broad term that encompasses many dosage forms, one of which is osmotic pumps. Osmotic pumps are considered to be the most reliable source of controlled drug delivery, both in humans and in animals. These pumps are osmotically controlled and release active agents through osmotic pressure. To a large extent, drug release from such a system is independent of gastric fluids. Based on such unique properties and advantages, osmotic pumps have made their mark on the pharmaceutical industry. 
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Bayesian Mindsponge Framework
Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF, also known as Bayesian Mindsponge analytical approach) is an analytical approach that employs the mindsponge information-processing mechanism and Bayesian analysis (e.g., bayesvl package) as each other’s complement to conduct cognitive and psychological research. 
  • 1.7K
  • 19 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Bee Pollen
Bee pollen is a natural cocktail of floral nectar, flower pollen, enzymes, and salivary secretions produced by honeybees. Bee pollen is one of the bee products most enriched in proteins, polysaccharides, polyphenols, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. It has a significant health and medicinal impact and provides protection against many diseases, including diabetes, cancer, infectious, and cardiovascular. Bee pollen is commonly promoted as a cost-effective functional food. 
  • 959
  • 30 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Behavioral Management for Managing Stressors in Primates
Primates involved in biomedical research experience stressors related to captivity, close contact with caregivers, and may be exposed to various medical procedures while modeling clinical disease or interventions under study. Behavioral management is used to promote behavioral flexibility in less complex captive environments and train coping skills to reduce stress. How animals perceive their environment and interactions is the basis of subjective experience and has a major impact on welfare. Certain traits, such as temperament and species, can affect behavioral plasticity and learning.
  • 368
  • 24 Mar 2022
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