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Topic Review
Reducing Postpartum Weight Retention
Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) is a strong predictor of obesity in later life with long term health consequences in women. Suboptimal lifestyle behaviours (e.g. diet and physical activity) contribute to PPWR. Postpartum lifestyle interventions are known to be efficacious in reducing PPWR, however there are challenges to their successful implementation. 
  • 508
  • 22 Jun 2021
Topic Review
COVID-19 and Adolescents’ Sexual/Reproductive Health in Low-/Middle-Income Countries
There are various aspects of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health that were highly impacted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These include limited access to sexual and reproductive health services, including access to contraceptives, menstrual products, and medications for HIV treatment; increased rates of early marriage due to school closures and a lack of support from school management; a rise in intimate partner and sexual violence; disruptions in maternity care; and increased involvement of adolescents in risky or exploitative work.
  • 507
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Breathing Exercises for Improving Influencing Cognitive Decline
Stroke is caused by a fall in blood supply to the brain or due to cerebral hemorrhage and is the most common cerebrovascular condition. With the increase in the average life expectancy as a result of lifestyle improvements and advances in health care, the number of patients with stroke has seen an upward trend. Furthermore, studies have shown a possible association between the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and acute cerebrovascular diseases such as ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and cerebral venous thrombosis. With the continuing COVID-19 pandemic, a steep increase in stroke incidence is therefore likely.
  • 509
  • 30 May 2022
Topic Review
Prevention and Clinical Management of Major Depressive Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a growing disabling condition affecting around 280 million people worldwide. This complex entity is the result of the interplay between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, and compelling evidence suggests that MDD can be considered a disease that occurs as a consequence of an evolutionary mismatch and unhealthy lifestyle habits. In this context, diet is one of the core pillars of health, influencing multiple biological processes in the brain and the entire body. It seems that there is a bidirectional relationship between MDD and malnutrition, and depressed individuals often lack certain critical nutrients along with an aberrant dietary pattern. Thus, dietary interventions are one of the most promising tools to explore in the field of MDD, as there are a specific group of nutrients (i.e., omega 3, vitamins, polyphenols, and caffeine), foods (fish, nuts, seeds fruits, vegetables, coffee/tea, and fermented products) or dietary supplements (such as S-adenosylmethionine, acetyl carnitine, creatine, amino acids and so on.
  • 506
  • 04 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Dietary Assessment Tools and Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with a range of chronic diseases, for which lifestyle interventions are considered the cornerstone of treatment. Dietary interventions have primarily focused on weight reduction, usually via energy restricted diets. While this strategy can improve insulin sensitivity and other health markers, weight loss alone is not always effective in addressing all risk factors associated with MS.
  • 505
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Personalized Medicine and Health Care
Generally Big data is define as "data that contains greater variety, arriving in increasing volumes and with more velocity, also known as three Vs". Big data in health care is a fast-growing field and a new paradigm that is transforming case-based studies to large-scale and data-driven research. Big data is dependent on advancement of new data standards and modern technologies related to advanced research. Therefore, the future development of big data applications holds foreseeable promise in the modern day health care revolution. The immensely amount of large and rapidly growing of biomedical omics and clinical data create major challenges and opportunities for their analysis and interpretation and open new computational gateways to address these issues.
  • 505
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Food of Pre-Hispanic Inhabitants from the Quito Plateau
In all of the different historical periods during its development, the pre-Hispanic inhabitants of the Quito plateau and its valleys used the flora and fauna for food and the development of their society. 
  • 504
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Income Inequality and Race/Ethnicity Drive Obesity
Obesity is a major public health problem both globally and within the U.S. It varies by multiple factors, including but not limited to income and sex. After controlling for potential covariates, there is little evidence to determine the association between income and obesity and how obesity may be moderated by sex and family income. We examined the association between income and obesity in U.S. adults aged 20 years and older, and tested whether this relationship differs by race or ethnicity groups. For this analysis, we used data from the 1999–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Obesity was determined using Body Mass Index ≥ 30 kg/m2; the Gini coefficient (GC) was calculated to measure income inequality using the Poverty Income Ratio (PIR). We categorized the PIR into five quintiles to examine the relationship between income inequality and obesity. For the first set of analyses, we used a modified Poisson regression in a sample of 36,665 adults, with an almost equal number of men and women (women’s ratio was 50.6%), including 17,303 white non-Hispanics (WNH), 7475 black non-Hispanics (BNHs), and 6281 Mexican Americans. The models included age, racial/ethnic groups, marital status, education, health behaviors (smoking and drinking status and physical activities), health insurance coverage, self-reported health, and household structure (live alone and size of household). Adjusting for potential confounders, our findings showed that the association between PIR and obesity was positive and significant more frequently among WNH and BNH in middle and top PIR quintiles than among lower-PIR quintiles; this association was not significant in Mexican Americans (MAs). Results of GC in obese women showed that in comparison with WNHs (GC: 0.34, S.E.: 0.002), BNHs (GC: 0.38, S.E.: 0.004) and MAs (GC: 0.41, S.E.: 0.006) experienced higher income inequality, and that BNH obese men experienced the highest income inequality (GC: 0.45, S.E.: 0.011). The association between PIR and obesity was significant among WNHs and BNHs men in the 3rd, 4th and 5th PIR quintiles. The same association was not found for women. In treating obesity, policymakers should consider not only race/ethnicity and sex, but also strategies to reduce inequality in income. 
  • 505
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
High-Intensity Interval Training in Youth
Development of innovative and time-efficient strategies to involve youth in physical activity is pivotal in the actual inactivity pandemic. Moreover, physical activity may improve academic performance, of great interest for educators. This entry aimed to analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognitive performance and psychological outcomes in youth. 
  • 505
  • 08 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Computer-Assisted Tissue Image Analysis in Minimally Invasive Surgery
Computer-assisted tissue image analysis (CATIA) enables an optical biopsy of human tissue during minimally invasive surgery and endoscopy. Thus far, it has been implemented in gastrointestinal, endometrial, and dermatologic examinations that use computational analysis and image texture feature systems.
  • 505
  • 21 Dec 2021
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