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Topic Review
Guidelines for COVID-19 patients
The aim of this review is to summarize current evidence of infection control in healthcare settings and patients with COVID-19 to increase awareness among healthcare workers and prevent nosocomial infections during actual pandemics. Guidelines should target all modes of transmission while recommending control precautions. During epidemics, healthcare facilities must promptly implement a multidisciplinary defense system to combat the outbreak. More evidence-based infection control strategies are needed to uniform the guidelines. 
  • 496
  • 20 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Work-Related Impacts of Cancer Caregiving
Individuals with cancer commonly rely on their informal caregivers (e.g., spouse/partner, family member, close friend) to help them manage the demands of the disease and its treatment. Caregiving, including helping with patient care, performing household chores, and providing emotional and practical support, can be particularly demanding for employed caregivers, who must juggle their work responsibilities while providing care. The work-related impacts of informal cancer caregiving that have been investigated in the literature include: (1) labor market withdrawal to provide care, (2) work modifications, (3) absenteeism, and, (4) presenteeism.
  • 496
  • 08 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Evaluation of Urban Cooling Interventions
Heat islands and warming temperatures are a growing global public health concern. Cities worldwide are implementing heat adaptation and mitigation interventions to reduce the urban heat island effect and extreme heat exposures. As listed by the Environmental Protection Agency (USA EPA), these interventions may include: trees/vegetation, green and cool roofs, cool pavements, and broadly improved infrastructure that invests in ‘greener’ practices. Although cities are implementing cooling interventions, little is known about their efficacy. Four interventions often used in urban areas are taken into consideration here: cooling centers, misting stations, cool (or green) roofs, and cool pavements.
  • 495
  • 01 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Concussion Guidelines in Amateur Sports
It is widely recognised in sports medicine that sports-related concussion (SRC) is one of the most difficult injuries to detect, with more needed to be done to recognise, remove and treat athletes with the condition
  • 495
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Food Choice Editing in Favor of Sustainability
A vast literature has confirmed that, in several economies, sustainability is a prevailing key problem, particularly in the agri-food industry. Consumers frequently like to associate themselves with sustainable items reflecting higher concern for society, healthy food, or commodities exhibiting greater fairness towards food producers. Worldwide, there is an increased awareness of consumption patterns escalating the demand for the production of sustainable items. Researchers revealed that change interventions have slowly reduced the pace of growth in the food industry, partially because of consumer awareness at a gradual rate. Moreover, sustainable food products are viewed as ineffective in the short run while market share for sustainable items remains substantially low.
  • 495
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Link between Food Environment and Colorectal Cancer
Food and diet are critical risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Food environments (FEs) can contribute to disease risk, including CRC. CRC incidence was associated with the availability of specific foods such as red meat, meat, animal fats, energy from animal sources, and an unhealthy FE. Increased CRC mortality was linked with the availability of animal fat, red meat, alcoholic beverages, and calorie food availability, residence in food deserts, and lower FE index. There were a variety of associations between CRC and the FE. The availability of specific foods, unhealthy FE, and food desserts impact CRC incidence and mortality.
  • 495
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Copper and Copper/Zinc Ratio in Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients require a stable and sufficient supply of micronutrients. Since copper is an essential micronutrient for human development, studies are carried out to investigate the serum copper levels, serum copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratios, and their relationship with nutritional indicators in a group of CF patients. There was no significant correlation between the serum copper concentrations and respiratory and pancreatic function, respiratory colonization, and the results of the abdominal ultrasound. 
  • 495
  • 03 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Physical Exercise and Saliva Composition
Salivary glands are exocrine organs that produce a large amount of fluid. Through the saliva, electrolytes and other substances are transferred from the inner of the glands to the oral cavity. The mean volume of the fluid is estimated to be 750 mL/day, which almost represents 20% of the overall plasma volume. Apart from the major salivary glands (2–5 mL/min), saliva is also secreted by several minor glands at a rate of 0.5 mL/min.
  • 495
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Comparison of Road Noise Policies
Developing innovative noise policies that build on international best practices is difficult when policies around the world differ along many dimensions, ranging from different sources covered to different levels of governance involved. This is particularly critical in the context of road traffic, identified as one of the main culprits leading to noise-associated complaints and health issues. 
  • 494
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Genotoxic Effects of Lead
Lead (Pb) is one of the most widely used heavy metals in several industries for the manufacturing process of Pb-based products due to its physical and chemical properties, such as high density, softness, malleability, and poor conductibility. Thus, Pb can be found in workplaces and other contaminated environments. Pb toxicity can occur via both nonoccupational and occupational exposure through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption.
  • 494
  • 29 Apr 2022
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