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Topic Review
Health Literacy
Health literacy is the intersection of general literacy, health, and healthcare, but it can also incorporate elements of other types of literacies to varying degrees. The notion of literacy surfaced from the fear that individuals would require more than general literacy skills to manage the complexities of health and health system issues. There is a substantial overlap between general literacy and health literacy. Therefore, general literacy alone may not be enough to live a healthy lifestyle, articulate the health systems and to prevent, manage and control diseases. The questions is: Does health literacy have an impact on adherence to diabetes mellitus treatment? This question is not only limited to diabetes mellitus.
  • 288
  • 23 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis are various and involve pro-inflammatory agents, oxidative stress, apoptosis, adipokines, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-1 activation, increased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) activity, immunomodulation, and alteration of the gut microbiota.
  • 343
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Immunology
The immune system comprises many immune cells, including innate and adaptive immune cells. These cells are critical for protecting the host from injuries, infection, and carcinogenesis (i.e., immune surveillance). Improvements in technologies such as microscopy and flow cytometry have accelerated the classification of immune cells. Nevertheless, these methods still have some limitations. The immune system’s complexity, including the heterogeneity, development, differentiation, and microenvironment of immune cells in health and disease, cannot be fully understood using classical theories. A deeper inspection of immunology yields improved immune therapies using advanced technologies. The emergence of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can revolutionize our understanding of immunology and break through the bottlenecks in immunology. 
  • 308
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Post-COVID-19 Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation
Managing cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COVID-19 remains a global challenge due to the facets of this virus. The technologies used in the rehabilitation of post-COVID-19 patients fail to keep pace with the global epidemiological developments.
  • 412
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Germline pathogenic variants in the Breast Cancer Genes 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2) are responsible for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer accounts for 5–10% of all cases, phenotypically presenting with characteristics such as an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, earlier age of onset, bilateral tumours, male breast cancer, and ovarian tumours, among others. BRCA2 pathogenic variant is usually associated with other cancers such as melanoma, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Many rearrangements of different mutations were found in both genes, with some ethnic groups having higher frequencies of specific mutations due to founder effects.
  • 334
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Hypertension Management
Arterial hypertension (AH) is a progressive issue that grows in importance with the increased average age of the world population. The potential role of artificial intelligence (AI) in its prevention and treatment is firmly recognized. Indeed, AI application allows personalized medicine and tailored treatment for each patient.
  • 519
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Microfluidic Platform for COVID-19
Spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly impacted the public health and economic sectors. It is urgently necessary to develop rapid, convenient, and cost-effective point-of-care testing (POCT) technologies for the early diagnosis and control of the plague’s transmission. Developing POCT methods and related devices is critical for achieving point-of-care diagnosis. The POCT devices based on microfluidic technology on the market, including paper-based microfluidic, centrifugal microfluidic, optical fluid, and digital microfluidic platforms.
  • 464
  • 16 Feb 2023
Topic Review
The Association between Physical Environment and Externalising Problems
The physical environment is of critical importance to child development. Understanding how exposure to physical environmental domains such as greenspace, urbanicity, air pollution or noise affects aggressive behaviours in typical and neurodiverse children is of particular importance given the significant long-term impact of those problems.Noise, air pollution, urbanicity, spatial density, colour and humidity appeared to increase the display of aggressive behaviours. There was a dearth of studies on the role of the physical environment in neurodiverse children. Studies were heterogeneous and measured a range of aggressive behaviours from symptoms to full syndromes. Greenspace exposure was the most common domain studied but certainty of evidence for the association between environmental exposures and aggression problems in the child or young person was low across all domains. 
  • 414
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Parental Influences on Children’s Eating Behaviours
Children's eating behaviours are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Parents appear to play a pivotal role in their development as the main responsible for shaping their children’s feeding environment and eating experiences. This influence begins even before birth, with exposure in utero, and continues throughout childhood, as parents provide the foods offered and interact with their children during mealtimes. However, the parent-child relationship is likely reciprocal as children's behaviours can also influence parental choices.
  • 357
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Anti-Obesity Effects of Natural Constituents
Obesity is a chronic metabolic complication, and its management requires long-term medication, lifestyle modifications, and dietary interventions. Patients taking anti-obesity medications may suffer from side effects such as psychiatric disorders, anxiety, depression, and vitamin deficiency. Various classes of natural compounds are promising agents to combat the obesity pandemic. Developing safer drugs may require polytherapeutic strategies to combat the global obesity pandemic.
  • 606
  • 14 Feb 2023
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