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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Strategies for the Appropriateness of Medication Use
The evidence on the effectiveness of strategies and tools to promote and improve medication appropriateness and their sustainability largely derives from local and heterogeneous experiences with contrasting results. As a general framework, three main steps should be considered in implementing measures to improve the appropriateness of medications: prescription, acceptance by the patient, and continuous monitoring of adherence and the risk-benefit profile. Each step needs efforts from specific actors (physicians, patients, caregivers, healthcare professionals) and dedicated supporting tools. Moreover, how to support the appropriateness also strictly depends on the particular care setting (hospital, ambulatory or primary care, nursing home, long-term care) and available economic resources. 
  • 359
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
The New Global Health Emergency: Monkeypox
Monkeypox, once a rare zoonotic disease, has been endemic to some African countries since its original identification among humans in 1970. Since then, cases in non-endemic regions have been linked to returning travelers or those who had contact with transported animals. The causative agent, Monkeypox virus, belongs to Orthopoxviruses, the same family as Variola—the causative organism for smallpox. Although most monkeypox outbreaks until recently were linked to zoonotic transmission, secondary human–human transmission in smallpox-unvaccinated individuals was observed in a small proportion of overall cases. Smallpox was declared to be eradicated in 1980, and since its eradication, Monkeypox virus has been the most significant poxvirus to cause human disease. The 2022 monkeypox outbreak marks a significant paradigm shift in the human and poxvirus association, with new modes of transmission and concerns of viral evolution and entrenchment as a sexually transmitted disease. Monkeypox clinically resembles smallpox but is far milder. At this time, there are no approved therapies for monkeypox, and antiviral agents effective against smallpox are being utilized. Additionally, preventive strategies being utilized include smallpox vaccinations such as JYNNEOS and ACAM2000.
  • 359
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Bio-Preservation of Meat by Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains
Meat and some meat products are highly perishable due to their high-water content, pH, and high content of nutrients. Therefore, spoilage control in these products is one of the critical challenges in the food industry. On the other hand, the increasing widespread awareness about the undesirable effects of synthetic preservatives has promoted the breakthrough of the use of natural compounds or bio-preservation technology. Bio-preservation implies the application of microorganisms or their metabolites to extend the shelf life of food products. In this regard, according to the ancient and safe use of fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), their application in the bio-preservation of meat and meat products is gaining more attention.
  • 359
  • 11 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Educate the Public about Dental Trauma
Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) of hard and soft tissues within and around the oral cavity are relatively common and occur as a result of accidents during sports or leisure activities, falls, blows by objects, interpersonal violence, and motor vehicle accidents. Appropriate actions taken immediately after a trauma have a great impact on prognosis and treatment options. Effective and efficient information about dental trauma seems to be essential and many tools can be used to educate layperson about TDI. 
  • 358
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
How Paediatric Pain Treatments Work
Clinicians have an increasing number of evidence-based interventions to treat pain in youth. Mediation analysis offers a way of investigating how interventions work, by examining the extent to which an intermediate variable, or mediator, explains the effect of an intervention.
  • 358
  • 03 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Pre-Conceptual Guidelines for Male Infertility
Male fertility is declining and affects approximately one in seven couples. Reasons for this are multi-factorial and the subject of on-going research, though environmental contaminants (such xenoestrogens) are believed to be contributory factors. Semen parameters can be improved through a healthy diet and nutritional supplementation has also been shown to improve semen parameters, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates significantly.
  • 358
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Advances in Non-Invasive Neuromodulation: Closed-Loop Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation therapy that eliminates the need for internal device implantation, presenting as a favorable therapeutic option. This method relies on electrical surface stimulation, bypassing the need for surgical procedures.
  • 358
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Germline pathogenic variants in the Breast Cancer Genes 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2) are responsible for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer accounts for 5–10% of all cases, phenotypically presenting with characteristics such as an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, earlier age of onset, bilateral tumours, male breast cancer, and ovarian tumours, among others. BRCA2 pathogenic variant is usually associated with other cancers such as melanoma, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Many rearrangements of different mutations were found in both genes, with some ethnic groups having higher frequencies of specific mutations due to founder effects.
  • 358
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Medical Tourism in Greece
Medical tourism is a rapidly growing sector, and could become a major driver of tourism in Greece. Medical tourism can significantly contribute to the domestic economy, as well as that the domestic market is ready for the provision of medical tourism services on a larger scale, while more than 70% of the tourists asked would be interested in travelling to Greece to receive medical treatment.
  • 357
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Exercise on Brain Health
It has been well established in epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials that habitual exercise is beneficial for brain health, such as cognition and mental health. Generally, it may be reasonable to say that the physiological benefits of acute exercise can prevent brain disorders in late life if such exercise is habitually/chronically conducted. 
  • 357
  • 29 Mar 2022
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