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Topic Review
The Public Acceptance of Sustainability Policymaking
Public participation is crucial for the successful implementation of a sustainable policy because it requires citizen consent. When considering citizen participation, the local context must be considered, particularly for making the policy feasible, efficient, and tangible by involving various people. The acceptability of a policy is significant for making sustainability goals feasible, which would lead to cooperation from the broader public.
  • 383
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
The Psychology of Forgiveness
Forgiveness psychology is a thriving field with ample implications for personal and relational well-being, community health, international relations, and politics. The aim of this entry is to briefly introduce the science of forgiveness that emerged over three decades ago and document its major developments. In this entry, definitions of forgiveness, the emergence of the scientific study on forgiveness, models of forgiveness, forgiveness education, measures of forgiveness, and benefits of forgiveness will be discussed, followed by several implications for consideration.
  • 209
  • 13 May 2024
Topic Review
The Impact of Negative Affectivity on Teacher Burnout
Teachers’ well-being, including burnout, impacts the stress and well-being of students. Negative affectivity (tendency to feel depression, anxiety, or stress) plays a role in the development of burnout. However, while teachers with a more anxious profile experience greater emotional exhaustion, those with a depressive profile have more difficulty developing a strong sense of personal accomplishment.
  • 443
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
The Geometric World of Fishes
Spatial orientation may be led by the distinctive geometry of an environment: fish can use metric and left-right direction to reach convenient locations, such as a foraging site. This remarkable capacity requires to handle the macrostructural characteristics of space, which are based on the Euclidean concepts of point, surface, and boundary.
  • 479
  • 29 Aug 2022
Topic Review
The Effect of Parental Styles on Social Skills
Parental educational styles have a significant effect in personal development. These styles (authoritative, democratic, permissive and neglectful) can be related to affects and social skills at the individual level. The results suggest that parenting styles are closely related to affects and social skills. It is also suggested that affects play a mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and social skills.
  • 5.2K
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Cult of the Child
The concept of the “cult of the child” highlights a radical change in child representation. Having been neglected and even disrespected for centuries, children are now valued, and their interests are placed above all others. This change in views of children, reflected in changes in laws, institutions and practices, has also spread to two pillars of our democratic societies, the family and the school, with a number of consequences for parents, teachers and children.
  • 1.0K
  • 30 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Complexity of the Human–Animal Bond
The human–animal relationship is ancient, complex and multifaceted. It may have either positive effects on humans and animals or poor or even negative and detrimental effects on animals or both humans and animals. A large body of literature has investigated the beneficial effects of this relationship in which both human and animals appear to gain physical and psychological benefits from living together in a reciprocated interaction. However, analyzing the literature with a different perspective it clearly emerges that not rarely are human–animal relationships characterized by different forms and levels of discomfort and suffering for animals and, in some cases, also for people. The negative physical and psychological consequences on animals’ well-being may be very nuanced and concealed, but there are situations in which the negative consequences are clear and striking, as in the case of animal violence, abuse or neglect. Empathy, attachment and anthropomorphism are human psychological mechanisms that are considered relevant for positive and healthy relationships with animals, but when dysfunctional or pathological determine physical or psychological suffering, or both, in animals as occurs in animal hoarding.
  • 777
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
The Adversity Response Profile for Chinese University Students
Adversity response is fundamental to dealing with adversity. The final version of the ARP-CUS contains 24 items across five subscales for assessing students’ responses to adversity, including control, attribution, reach, endurance, and transcendence. Overall, ARP-CUS demonstrates satisfactory psychometric properties for quantifying the adversity quotient of Chinese university students.
  • 422
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Systemic Alternative in Psychiatry
The alternative systemic approach to mental health issues and of a more humane mental health care system suggests focusing on understanding mental distress as stemming from problems in living, using medications as agents facilitating psychotherapy, or as a last resort and short-term help, according to the principles of harm reduction. It argues that understanding drugs as psychoactive substances and studying the subjective effects they produce could lead to better utilization of medications and improvements in terms of conceptualizing and assessing treatment effects. Qualitative research could be particularly useful in that regard. It also advocates a radical departure from current diagnostic systems and proposes a synthesis of already existing alternatives to be used for both research and clinical purposes.
  • 692
  • 13 Jul 2021
Topic Review
System Dynamics-Based Interactive Learning Environment for Formative (Self-)Assessment
An online system dynamics-based interactive learning environment (ILE) can be designed to assess the trainees' capabilities, in accordance with the formative assessment paradigm. Through a simulated business environment, trainees have the opportunity to virtually manage their own company (system) while taking on various roles that mirror real-life scenarios related to the phenomenon analyzed by the ILE. The ILE has a feature that allows the assessment of such capabilities by measuring key indicators that determine the feasibility, effectiveness, and efficiency of their decision-making when running a firm within a specific operational context. From this standpoint, implementing a practical approach that enables trainees to confidently evaluate their capabilities in a protected environment (simulations) would produce the following different benefits for them: a) Personalized Learning: Interactive learning environments can adapt to suit trainees' individual learning styles, making the learning experience more personalized and effective; b) Interactive Learning Experience: Interactive learning environments offer learners the opportunity to engage actively in the learning process, facilitating better retention of knowledge; c) Real-time Feedback: Interactive learning environments provide learners with instant feedback, which helps them to identify gaps in their knowledge and improve immediately; d) Collaborative Learning: Interactive learning environments encourage learners to work collaboratively, which has proven benefits for memory retention and enhanced peer learning.
  • 90
  • 11 Jan 2024
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