Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Volatile Anesthetic-Induced Organ Protection
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is inevitable in kidney transplantation and negatively impacts graft and patient outcome. Reperfusion takes place in the recipient and most of the injury following ischemia and reperfusion occurs during this reperfusion phase; therefore, the intra-operative period seems an attractive window of opportunity to modulate IRI and improve short- and potentially long-term graft outcome. Commonly used volatile anesthetics such as sevoflurane and isoflurane have been shown to interfere with many of the pathophysiological processes involved in the injurious cascade of IRI. 
  • 472
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Treatment Approach for CA T-Cell Mediated Kidney Rejection
Chronic active T-cell mediated kidney rejection (CA TCMR) refers to the term that was described for the very first time during the XIII Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology in 2015 as a variant of kidney allogenic graft rejection associated with long-term graft loss. Since then, the scientific community tries to establish optimal scheme of diagnostic methods and therapeutic approach. 
  • 665
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Therapies in Kidney Transplant Rejection
Despite significant advancements in immunosuppressive therapies, kidney transplant rejection continues to pose a substantial challenge, impacting the long-term survival of grafts. TCMR is diagnosed through histological examination of kidney biopsy samples, which reveal the infiltration of mononuclear cells into the allograft tissue. Corticosteroids serve as the primary treatment for TCMR, while severe or steroid-resistant cases may require T-cell-depleting agents, like Thymoglobulin. ABMR occurs due to the binding of antibodies to graft endothelial cells. The most common treatment for ABMR is plasmapheresis, although its efficacy is still a subject of debate. Other current therapies, such as intravenous immunoglobulins, anti-CD20 antibodies, complement inhibitors, and proteasome inhibitors, are also utilized to varying degrees, but their efficacy remains questionable. Management decisions for ABMR depend on the timing of the rejection episode and the presence of chronic changes. In managing both TCMR and ABMR, it is crucial to optimize immunosuppression and address adherence.
  • 227
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Kidney Transplantation
Kidney transplantation improves quality of life, morbidity, and mortality of patients with kidney failure. However, integrated immunosuppressive therapy required to preserve graft function is associated with the development of post-transplant complications, including infections, altered immunosuppressive metabolism, gastrointestinal toxicity, and diarrhea. The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for personalizing immunosuppressive therapy and managing post-transplant complications.
  • 226
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
The Applications of Colonic Transendoscopic Enteral Tubing
The limitation of traditional delivery methods for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) gave birth to colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET) to address the requirement of frequent FMTs. Colonic TET as a novel endoscopic intervention has received increasing attention in practice since 2015 in China. Emerging studies from multiple centers indicate that colonic TET is a promising, safe, and practical delivery method for microbial therapy and administering medication with high patient satisfaction.
  • 495
  • 06 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Spinal Cord Injury Repair
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for transplant-mediated repair represents an important and promising therapeutic strategy after spinal cord injury (SCI). MSCs can be harvested from a wide range of human tissues, however it is likely certain niches are more suited for SCI repair due to their intrinsic capabilities. 
  • 740
  • 05 May 2021
Topic Review
Serological and Urine Biomarkers in Organ Transplant
The process and evolution of an organ transplant procedure has evolved in terms of the prevention of immunological rejection with the improvement in the determination of immune response genes. Some serological biomarkers are non-commercial and economical, depending on having an immunology laboratory with experience in their implementation and standardization. The commercials show affordable prices. Regarding the cost of cellular methods, one must be aware that it will depend on the number of these monoclonal antibody markers (CDs) for flow cytometry.
  • 309
  • 23 Feb 2023
Topic Review
SARS-CoV-2 in Kidney Transplant Recipients
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a striking impact on kidney transplantation globally. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney transplant patients are one of the populations most vulnerable to the risks of COVID-19. In the United States alone, there are more than half a million people living with end stage renal disease (ESRD).More than 105,234 kidney transplants were performed in 2019 all over the globe. After the outbreak of COVID-19, all surgeries were stopped as an early response to the pandemic. A drastic fall in the number of kidney transplants was observed, with a fall rate of 59.2% from the 105,234-plus kidney transplants (KTx) in 2019 to 42,948 KTx in 2020.
  • 337
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Risk Factors of Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients
Kidney transplantation (KTx) is the treatment of choice for end-stage renal diseases (ESRD). Multiple factors influence graft rejection after KTx. Pre-operative factors affecting graft function and survival include donor and recipient characteristics such as age, gender, race, and immunologic compatibility. In addition, several peri- and post-operative parameters affect graft function and rejection, such as cold and warm ischemia times, and post-operative immunosuppressive treatment. Exposure to non-self-human leucocyte antigens (HLAs) prior to transplantation up-regulates the recipient’s immune system. A higher rate of acute rejection is observed in transplant recipients with a history of pregnancies or significant exposure to blood products because these patients have higher panel reactive antibody (PRA) levels. Identifying these risk factors will help physicians to reduce the risk of allograft rejection, thereby promoting graft survival. 
  • 824
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Postoperative Critical Care in Liver Transplantation
Perioperative care of patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) is very complex. Metabolic derangements, hypothermia, coagulopathy and thromboses, severe infections, and graft dysfunction can affect outcomes. Advances in pre-transplant evaluation, surgical technique, and an increased understanding of the pathophysiology of cirrhosis significantly improved patient outcome. Due to the increasing demand for organs, a higher number of extended criteria grafts (ECD) are being used for transplantation. The use of ECD grafts has been shown to be associated with a higher rate of early allograft dysfunction (EAD), which results in dysfunction of other organ systems.
  • 256
  • 22 Jul 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 7
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Feedback