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Topic Review
Coronary Artery Disease Pathophysiology in End-Stage Renal Disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and during the first year after transplantation. Besides the traditional cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, tobacco use, family history), in CKD patients non-traditional risk factors play an important role in CAD pathophysiology.
  • 160
  • 04 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Current Diagnostic Methods of Gut Microbiota
The human gut microbiota include over 10 trillion microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protozoa. In the past, the gut microbiome was analyzed using isolation and culture.
  • 222
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning in Liver Transplantation
Liver transplantation outcomes have improved. Looking for the best Donor-Recipient matching (D-R matching) as always been a challenge for the liver transplantation surgeons. Most of the proposed scores based on conventional biostatistics are not good classifiers of a problem that is considered “unbalanced.” The implementation of artificial intelligence in medicine has experienced exponential growth. Deep learning, a branch of artificial intelligence with capability to handle a large number of variables with speed and multi-objective analysis. Artificial neural networks and random forests are the most widely used deep-learning classifiers in this field. Both classifiers have been able to show a high predictive ability in the graft survival of a D-R pair compared to traditional classifiers. There are even researchers that have successfully created a matching model based on one of them.
  • 397
  • 28 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Donor Factors for Allogenic Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation
Adipose tissue is a well-known source of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). The current research on adipose stem cell harvest describes quantitative and qualitative differences that could be influenced by different donor conditions and donor sites and could further modify the clinical results.
  • 368
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA
Solid organ transplant (SOT) is an effective therapy for end-stage diseases and organ failures, which is a lifesaving, transformational and restorative procedure for improving the quality and longevity of life. SOT relies on the effective surveillance of graft which includes serial laboratory testing and biopsies. The immune system acts on all foreign particles that enter the body and produces antibodies in response. Similarly, when an organ is transplanted, the immune system recognizes it and acts against it, consequently destroying the perceived foreign cells in the form of the transplanted organ. Due to the huge gap between the need and availability of organs, one cannot risk an organ failure after a transplant, owing merely to the immune response. To overcome this several measures are taken at each step, right from the beginning where the best suitable match for the organ is searched for, succeeded by the advanced medications and immunotherapy given to the recipients in order to suppress the immune response, until the enhanced post-transplant patient care. Post-transplant recipients are kept under surveillance and strict regimes to avoid any complications that may lead to either damage or rejection of the transplanted organ. Around 7% of renal transplants fail after a year, 17% fail after 3 years, and 46% fail after 10 years. Among heart transplants, about 10% of the transplants fail in one year and 30% in 5 years. Similarly, among liver transplant recipients around 20% of failures are reported in 1 year and 30% of failures in 5 years, thereby making graft rejection a pertinent obstacle in transplantation.
  • 488
  • 07 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA in Kidney Transplantation
Donor derived cell-free DNA has been identified as a measurable lab test that may be able to adequately diagnose rejection at early stages, precluding the need for invasive procedures like biopsy.
  • 702
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Dyslipidemia in Renal Transplant Recipients
Dyslipidemia is a frequent complication after kidney transplantation (KT) and is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) are considered at high, or very high, risk of CVD, which is a leading cause of death in patient group. Despite many factors of post-transplant dyslipidemia, the immunosuppressive treatment has the biggest influence on a lipid profile. There are no strict dyslipidemia treatment guidelines for RTRs, but the ones proposing an individual approach regarding CVD risk seem most suitable. Proper diet and physical activity are the main general measures to manage dyslipidemia and should be introduced initially in every patient after KT. In the case of an insufficient correction of lipemia, statins are the basis for hypolipidemic treatment. Statins should be introduced with caution to avoid serious side-effects (e.g., myopathy) or drug-drug interactions, especially with immunosuppressants. To lower the incidence of adverse effects, and improve medication adherence, ezetimibe in combination with statins is recommended. 
  • 667
  • 31 May 2022
Topic Review
Educational Needs of Young Adult Renal Transplant Recipients
Renal transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for adolescents and young adults with end-stage renal disease. Despite enjoying excellent short-term outcomes, they suffer the worst rates of premature transplant function loss. Health behaviors: such as lack of adherence to immunosuppressive medications, are felt to be the major contributory factor. Understanding the educational needs of young renal transplant recipients allows healthcare practitioners to better support patients in managing their chronic disease. 
  • 278
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Antioxidant in Preservation Solution on Kidneys
Ischemia–reperfusion injury is a key clinical problem of transplantology. Current achievements in optimizing organ rinse solutions and storage techniques have significantly influenced the degree of graft damage and its survival after transplantation.
  • 349
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Endothelial Dysfunction after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is frequently encountered in transplant medicine. After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), ED participates in the pathogenesis of various complications such as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), capillary leak syndrome (CLS), and engraftment syndrome (ES).
  • 380
  • 29 Mar 2022
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