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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
COVID-19-Infection- and Steroid-Treatment-Associated Bone Avascular Necrosis
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented numerous challenges to the global healthcare system and emerging evidence suggests a potential link between COVID-19 treatment, specifically steroid therapy, and the development of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip. Understanding the nuances of AVN in the context of COVID-19 is crucial for healthcare professionals to navigate treatment decisions and mitigate potential complications.
  • 66
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Collagen and the Knee’s Structural Integrity
Collagens represent the predominant protein class in mammals, accounting for approximately 30% of the total protein mass and serving as a fundamental component of the extracellular matrix (ECM).
  • 93
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Spinal Injury
The significant impact of machine learning and deep learning in spinal injury care are highlighted, focusing on diagnostic improvement and fracture prediction. Techniques like convolutional neural networks improve fracture detection, while machine learning methods offer prognostic insights, facilitating personalized care by analyzing imaging and clinical data.
  • 93
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
3D Printing in Hip Surgery
Three-dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is the process of creating objects from a 3D digital model layer by layer. Its origin dates back to 1984, when Chuck Hall developed his patent “Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography”. There are many surgical applications of 3D printing in hip surgery, most of them based on CT images. 
  • 60
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Oxidative Stress in Tendon Degeneration
Tendinopathy is a debilitating condition marked by degenerative changes in the tendons. Its complex pathophysiology involves intrinsic, extrinsic, and physiological factors. While its intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been extensively studied, the role of physiological factors, such as hypoxia and oxidative stress, remains largely unexplored.
  • 110
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Articular Cartilage
Articular cartilage is a load-bearing connective tissue that has a low self-repair potential. There are high demands placed on articular hyaline cartilage in the organism, mainly mechanical flexibility, load-bearing capacity, and the ability to reduce friction. The function of the cartilage in joints is to ensure low friction and the ability to distribute the weight load acting in the joint. An articular cartilage defect can persist without healing, or if it extends into the blood-filled subchondrium, then it is replaced by cartilage tissue that does not have suitable strength properties.
  • 173
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Management of Osteochondritis Dissecans and Avascular Necrosis
Musculoskeletal disorders, standing as the fifth leading cause of disability-adjusted life years globally, present significant challenges in orthopedics. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and avascular necrosis (AVN) are distinct but closely related conditions within this spectrum, impacting patients’ quality of life with pain, limited mobility, and dysfunction. OCD, involving cartilage and bone detachment in joints, predominantly affects young athletes, but its exact etiology and optimal management remain subjects of ongoing research. Conversely, AVN, marked by bone tissue death due to compromised blood supply, is linked to systemic factors like corticosteroid use and traumatic injuries. Diagnosis for both conditions relies on radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative treatment for AVN includes the use of a cane or crutches, pharmacological therapy, or physical therapy. On the other hand, in OCD, the primary approach is activity/sports restriction. Surgical treatment options for AVN patients encompass core decompression, bone grafting, or, in the most advanced cases, total hip arthroplasty. OCD may be surgically treated through subchondral drilling or fixation of unstable lesions. 
  • 78
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Albumin and Globulin for Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most intractable orthopedic diseases, partly because of the difficulty in differentiating septic from aseptic conditions. serum albumin (Alb), globulin (Glb), and Alb–Glb ratio (AGR) levels in combination with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are feasible and accurate diagnostic markers for PJI and can improve the preoperative diagnostic accuracy of PJI.
  • 90
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Chondroitin Sulphate Based Nanoparticle Production
Joint damage is a major symptom of osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease that worsens over time. Due to its poor regenerative and self-healing properties, cartilage repair after lesions or debilitating disease is a major clinical issue.
  • 75
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Complications Associated with Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion
The main advantage of Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion (OLIF) is its ability to provide safe access to the lumbar spine while being a robust interbody fusion technique through a minimally invasive approach. The rate of major complications after OLIF is minimal, making it a safe procedure with significant benefits outweighing the risks. The advantages of OLIF L2-5 with posterior stabilisation over stand-alone OLIF L2-5 is a subject of discussion.
  • 101
  • 22 Dec 2023
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