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Topic Review
Ankle Arthropathy in Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder characterized by tissue overload of iron. Clinical systemic manifestations in HH include liver disease, cardiomyopathy, skin pigmentation, diabetes mellitus, erectile dysfunction, hypothyroidism, and arthropathy. Arthropathy with joint pain is frequently reported at diagnosis and mainly involves the metacarpophalangeal and ankle joints, and more rarely, the hip and knee. Symptoms in ankle joints are in most cases non-specific, and they can range from pain and swelling of the ankle to deformities and joint destruction. Furthermore, the main radiological signs do not differ from those of primary osteoarthritis (OA). Limited data are available in the literature regarding treatment; surgery seems to be the gold standard for ankle arthropathy in HH. 
  • 178
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Anti-Osteoporotic Treatment after Hip Fracture
The role of anti-osteoporotic treatment as part of the secondary prevention after hip fracture in terms of mortality and re-fracture risk has been studied, and the results are promising. Lower mortality after hip fracture is associated with anti-osteoporotic treatment. 
  • 481
  • 03 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Applications of Hydrogels in Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that causes disability if left untreated. The treatment of OA currently requires a proper delivery system that avoids the loss of therapeutic ingredients. Hydrogels are widely used in tissue engineering as a platform for carrying drugs and stem cells, and the anatomical environment of the limited joint cavity is suitable for hydrogel therapy. Hydrogel delivery improves drug retention in the joint cavity, making it possible to deliver some drugs that are not suitable for traditional injection; hydrogels with characteristics similar to those of the extracellular matrix facilitate cell loading, proliferation, and migration; hydrogels can promote bone regeneration, depending on their own biochemical properties or on loaded proregenerative factors. 
  • 483
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Articular Cartilage
Articular cartilage is a load-bearing connective tissue that has a low self-repair potential. There are high demands placed on articular hyaline cartilage in the organism, mainly mechanical flexibility, load-bearing capacity, and the ability to reduce friction. The function of the cartilage in joints is to ensure low friction and the ability to distribute the weight load acting in the joint. An articular cartilage defect can persist without healing, or if it extends into the blood-filled subchondrium, then it is replaced by cartilage tissue that does not have suitable strength properties.
  • 169
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Spinal Care
From enhancing imaging techniques to predicting patient outcomes, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are revolutionizing the way we approach spinal diseases. AI and ML have significantly improved spinal imaging by augmenting detection and classification capabilities, thereby boosting diagnostic accuracy. Predictive models have also been developed to guide treatment plans and foresee patient outcomes, driving a shift towards more personalized care. 
  • 219
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Augmented Reality in Orthopedic Surgery
The development of augmented reality (AR) and its application in total joint arthroplasty aims at improving the accuracy and precision in implant components’ positioning, hopefully leading to increased outcomes and survivorship. 
  • 434
  • 14 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head
Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is caused by disruption of the blood supply to the proximal femur. The alterations in the blood supply may occur following a traumatic event or result from a non-traumatic cause. Femoral neck fracture and hip dislocation and associated surgical procedures, corticosteroid therapy, and alcohol abuse frequently lead to AVN development. 
  • 584
  • 29 Jun 2022
Topic Review
B-Lymphocytes in Progression to Osteoporosis
B-lymphocytes—typically appreciated for their canonical role in adaptive, humoral immunity—have emerged as critical regulators of bone remodeling. B-lymphocytes communicate with osteoclasts and osteoblasts through various cytokines, including IL-7, RANK, and OPG. In inflammatory conditions, B-lymphocytes promote osteoclast activation and differentiation. However, B-lymphocytes also possess immunomodulatory properties, with regulatory B-lymphocytes (Bregs) secreting TGF-β1 to restrain pathogenic osteoclastogenesis. 
  • 308
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Benign Bone Tumors
Approximately 40% of the skeletal and musculoskeletal proliferative lesions do not determine metastasis and are related to a good survival rate. These groups of proliferative lesions are generally defined as benign bone tumors (BBTs).
  • 385
  • 02 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Bio-Based Adhesives for Orthopedic Applications
Bone fracture healing involves complex physiological processes that require biological events that are well coordinated. The process of fracture healing has been upheld through various treatments, including bone implants and bio-adhesive utilization. Bio-adhesion can be interpreted as the process in which synthetic or natural materials adhere to body surfaces. Bio-based adhesives have superiority in many value-added applications because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and large molecular weight. The increased variety and utilization of bio-based materials with strong adhesion characteristics provide new possibilities in the field of orthopedics in terms of using bio-based adhesives with excellent resorbability, biocompatibility, ease of use, and low immunoreactivity.
  • 440
  • 31 Oct 2022
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