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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Technological Advancements for Neuromodulation and Biofeedback
Primary objectives of neurofeedback training (NFT) are to improve concentration, stress and anxiety management, and performance optimisation. NFT, a form of biofeedback that uses real-time displays of electroencephalography (EEG) to teach the self-regulation of brain functions, has emerged as a promising approach for improving the mental skills that are essential for high-level performance in precision sports. 
  • 86
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Executive Functions and Theory of Mind in Aging
Social cognition is essential for maintaining relationships throughout life, with Theory of Mind (ToM) as its central component. ToM encompasses both cognitive and affective processes, enabling individuals to decipher concealed social cues and make moral judgments within various social contexts. ToM is a current topic of interest investigated in diverse age-related conditions, such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a transitional stage between healthy and pathological aging. Recognizing ToM difficulties is crucial, as they can significantly impact decision-making and social interactions while also serving as valuable indicators for tracking disease progression. However, assessing ToM poses challenges, given the variety of available tests and the ongoing debate about its connection with other cognitive abilities. Existing literature suggests that executive functions (EF) can influence ToM performance, but only a few studies have delved into this aspect deeply. Improving the understanding of the dynamics of ToM, its interaction with age-related changes, and its possible variations in MCI is critical to promoting social well-being and cognitive health in older people.
  • 249
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Integrating Positive Psychology into Substance Use Treatments
Positive psychology is a rapidly expanding and recent empirical. interdisciplinary research topic (i.e., within the last 25 years). Early evidence supported that targeting positive variables (i.e., empathy or kindness) has numerous benefits, including improving health outcomes, vocational success, psychological well-being, and interpersonal connectedness. Positive Psychological Interventions (PPIs) are activities and behavioral interventions that target positive variables to promote adaptive functioning (e.g., reducing depression or promoting psychological well-being). PPIs may make excellent contributions to treating substance use, substance use disorders (SUDs), and substance use problems because the interventions can partially shift the notable negative treatment focus (e.g., avoiding the consequences of using) onto positive aspects (e.g., pursuing an ideal future). Current substance use treatment outcomes demonstrate a need for improvements (e.g., low abstinence rates and lifetime symptom remission of SUDs), and positive psychology may provide a framework for improving existing treatments. In the current paper, the author reviewed research supporting the use of PPIs in substance use treatments, provide suggestions for PPI applications, examine advantages and practical issues, outline the current limitations, and provide future directions for continuing this line of work. The author aimed to encourage researchers to advance substance use treatment improvements with positive psychology because the growing consequences from substance use (e.g., the growing frequency of accidental fatal overdose) and the variable, limited treatment outcomes, placing those who use substances in a uniquely vulnerable position.
  • 629
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Psychiatric Advance Directive
A psychiatric advance directive (PAD), also known as a mental health advance directive, is a written document that describes what a person wants to happen if at some time in the future they are judged to be suffering from a mental disorder in such a way that they are deemed unable to decide for themselves or to communicate effectively. It can inform others about what treatment they want or don't want from psychiatrists or other mental health professionals, and it can identify a person to whom they have given the authority to make decisions on their behalf. A mental health advance directive is one kind of advance health care directive.
  • 187
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Mindfulness and Technology
Mindfulness and technology is a movement in research and design, that encourages the user to become aware of the present moment, rather than losing oneself in a technological device. This field encompasses multidisciplinary participation between design, psychology, computer science, and religion. Mindfulness stems from Buddhist meditation practices and refers to the awareness that arises through paying attention on purpose in the present moment, and in a non-judgmental mindset. In the field of Human-Computer Interaction, research is being done on Techno-spirituality — the study of how technology can facilitate feelings of awe, wonder, transcendence, and mindfulness and on Slow design, which facilitates self-reflection. The excessive use of personal devices, such as smartphones and laptops, can lead to the deterioration of mental and physical health. This area focuses on redesigning and creating technology to improve the wellbeing of its users.
  • 842
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Neuropeptides in Anxiety and Depression
In modern society, there has been a rising trend of depression and anxiety. This trend heavily impacts the population’s mental health and thus contributes significantly to morbidity and, in the worst case, to suicides. Modern medicine, with many antidepressants and anxiolytics at hand, is still unable to achieve remission in many patients. The pathophysiology of depression and anxiety is still only marginally understood, which encouraged researchers to focus on neuropeptides, as they are a vast group of signaling molecules in the nervous system. Neuropeptides are involved in the regulation of many physiological functions
  • 972
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Post-Pandemic Stress Disorder (COVID-19)
 The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly affected the mental health of the population to a great extent and even left a permanent mark on it. Because the fear of something unknown, which is certainly the pandemic of a new coronavirus announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020, contributes to the manifestation of anxiety symptoms in society, it thus initially worsens the state of mental health, even of healthy people.
  • 616
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Rostering in Air Traffic Control
Most Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs) must cover uninterrupted work shifts for 24 h a day, seven days a week. The proper planning of a shift schedule requires consideration of at least three elements: the specific characteristics of the controller task, the physiological needs of the operator, and the definition of rest periods within rostering.
  • 874
  • 19 May 2022
Topic Review
LSD/psylocybin/DMT in Depression Treatment
Despite many different kinds of substances available for depression treatment, depression itself still appears to be a clinical challenge. Recently, formerly illicit substances came to scientists’ attention, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin and dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Some studies suggest that these substances might be effective in depression treatment. 
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
External Human–Machine Interface of AVs
In future urban traffic, it is more likely that automated vehicles (AVs) will operate not in separated traffic spaces but in so-called mixed traffic environments where different types of traffic participants interact. Therefore, AVs must be able to communicate with other traffic participants, e.g., pedestrians as vulnerable road users (VRUs), to solve ambiguous traffic situations. Taking current traffic communication patterns into account, a combination of implicit communication via the driving behavior (e.g., deceleration, position in lane) and explicit communication via an external Human–Machine Interface (eHMI) seems to be a promising approach. The eHMI consists of an external interface connected to the vehicle, which can transmit explicit signals enabling interaction between AVs and other TPs.
  • 826
  • 15 Aug 2021
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