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Topic Review
Treatment Methods for Dye-Contaminated Effluents
Advancements in textile dyeing technologies have introduced novel categories of dyes that have deleterious effects on ecosystems. Primarily, azo dyes represent the majority of synthetic dyes employed in textiles and in the realms of culinary and miscellaneous applications. Traditionally, these dyes infiltrate the environment via discharged contaminated effluents such as wastewater from industrial facilities. The contaminated discharged effluent exerts a pervasive impact on ecosystems, engendering pernicious afflictions in both human and faunal populations. Several treatment methodologies are employed for the eradication of contaminants from natural water resources and wastewater, encompassing all phases within water and wastewater treatment infrastructures. The evolution of each treatment stage is intricately linked to the escalating demand for potable water of impeccable quality. Water treatment methods such as Coagulation and Flocculation, Photocatalytic Degradation, Ion Exchange, Electrochemical Technique, Membrane Filtration, Electrodialysis Process, Biodegradation Techniques, and Adsorption are covered in detail, alongside the impacts of bio-based activated carbon as an adsorbent for azo dye. 
  • 372
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Use of Green Laser in LiDAR Bathymetry
Bathymetric LiDAR technology is a technology used for simultaneous data acquisition regarding the morphology of the bottom of water reservoirs and the surrounding coastal zone, realized from the air, e.g., by plane or drone. Contrary to the air topographic LiDAR, which uses an infrared wavelength of 1064 nm, bathymetric LiDAR systems additionally use a green wavelength of 532 nm. The green laser can penetrate the water, which makes it possible to measure the depth of shallow water reservoirs, rivers, and coastal sea waters within three Secchi depths.
  • 1.4K
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
The Social Fabric of Watershed Management
Watershed management, a critical component in preserving and enhancing our natural environments, necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the social networks that underpin the organizations dedicated to this cause. The intricate web of relationships and interactions within and between such organizations can influence their operational efficacy and impact on watershed conservation and management. A social network analysis (SNA) encompasses theoretically grounded methods designed to analyze various types and attributes of relations among individuals and groups. 
  • 117
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
The Ecosystem Services of Temperate Wetlands
Wetlands constitute important habitats that provide several ecosystem services (ES). Wetlands have been termed the kidneys of the world for their water purification services and contain 20–25% of total soil organic carbon. Wetlands are among the ecosystems with the most valuable ES, with regulating services being the most important for inland wetlands. 
  • 519
  • 18 May 2022
Topic Review
Textile Industry
The textile industry is one of the world’s most influential and rapidly developing sectors. These textile industries have a global market share of around $2000 and offer employment to ~120 million people across the globe. 
  • 234
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Tethys (Database)
Tethys is an online knowledge management system that provides the marine renewable energy (MRE) and wind energy communities with access to information and scientific literature on the environmental effects of devices. Named after the Greek titaness of the sea, the goal of the Tethys database is to promote environmental stewardship and the advancement of the wind and marine renewable energy communities. The website has been developed by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Wind and Water Power Technologies Office. Tethys hosts information and activities associated with two international collaborations known as OES-Environmental and WREN, formed to examine the environmental effects of marine renewable energy projects and wind energy projects, respectively.
  • 210
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Terrestrial Evapotranspiration of Three-Gorges Reservoir
Identifying the spatiotemporal variations and influencing climate factors of evapotranspiration (ET) and its components (vegetation transpiration (Ec), soil evaporation (Es), and canopy interception evaporation (Ei)) can greatly improve our understanding of water cycle, carbon cycle, and biogeochemical processes in a warming climate. As the world′s largest hydropower project, the construction of the Three Gorges Project (TGP) coupled with the significant land use/land cover change affected the regional water and energy exchange in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA). This study aimed to reveal the spatiotemporal variations and influencing climate factors in ET and its components using PML-V2 products in TGRA during 2000–2020. Results showed that the mean annual ET, Ec, Es, and Ei in TGRA were 585.12, 328.49, 173.07, and 83.56 mm, respectively. The temporal variation of ET was dominated by Ec, with no significant change in the time trend. Es decreased (2.92 mm/y) and Ei increased (1.66 mm/y) significantly mainly in the cultivated land. ET, Ec, and Ei showed a similar seasonal variation pattern with a single peak, while Es presented a bimodal pattern. From the pre-impoundment to the first impoundment period, ET and Ec mainly increased in the head of TGRA, meanwhile, Es in urban area increased significantly by 27.8%. In the subsequent impoundment periods, ET and Ec changed slightly while Es sharply decreased. The Ei increased persistently during different impoundment period. The dominant climate factors affecting changes in Ec and Es were air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and sunshine hours, while the variation of Ei was mainly affected by air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and precipitation. 
  • 444
  • 06 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Taxonomic Diversity of African Cyanobacteria Using Genetic Markers
Advances in molecular biology have facilitated the use of polyphasic approaches involving chemotaxonomic, phenotypic, and genotypic data to characterize cyanobacteria. Genotypic diversity through PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification of target sequences, cloning, and DNA sequencing of isolated strains and field samples has been poorly described in Africa. The most commonly used genetic markers in Africa include 16S rRNA, PC-IGS, 16S-23S ITS1-L, 16S-23S ITS1-S, rpoB, rpoC1, and 16S-23S ITS. These molecular markers have been employed to understand the taxonomy and phylogeography of cyanobacteria worldwide.
  • 243
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Water Resources Management in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is one of the most water-scarce nations in the world, with a huge demand-supply gap, and the situation is expected to worsen due to climate change. Conventional surface water resources are limited, while nonrenewable groundwater sources are depleted. To build a more resilient and sustainable water sector, the production of non-conventional water resources, specifically desalinated seawater and treated domestic wastewater, has steadily increased in recent years. As the country lacks perennial water resources, such as rivers or water bodies, it relies mainly on nonrenewable groundwater and desalinated water to meet its daily requirements. Although the government is attempting to regulate the agricultural sector, water consumption in agriculture remains relatively high. It presents an environmental challenge due to its heavy reliance on non-renewable groundwater resources. The anticipated increase in temperature and highly uncertain changes in the rainfall patterns in Saudi Arabia could lead to greater uncertainty when attempting to develop effective water resource management plans.
  • 310
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Sustainability Goals within the UK Water Industry
The UK water industry is subject to a rolling cycle of investment to meet regulatory requirements. Moreover, this sits within the context of a constant state of flux due to the changing climate and political and societal priorities. Therefore, interventions such as improved wastewater treatment (to reduce nutrient levels entering rivers) are likely to experience conditions over the asset life, which vary widely from design parameters. This leads to a cycle of modification and upgrading in order to maintain or improve treatment processes which could include abortive investment.
  • 557
  • 05 May 2022
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