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Topic Review
Wave-particle Duality Relation
The Wave–particle duality relation, often loosely referred to as the Englert–Greenberger–Yasin duality relation, or the Englert–Greenberger relation, relates the visibility, [math]\displaystyle{ V }[/math], of interference fringes with the definiteness, or distinguishability, [math]\displaystyle{ D }[/math], of the photons' paths in quantum optics. As an inequality: Although it is treated as a single relation, it actually involves two separate relations, which mathematically look very similar. The first relation, derived by Greenberger and Yasin in 1988, is expressed as [math]\displaystyle{ P^2+ V^2\le 1 \, }[/math]. It was later extended by Jaeger, Shimony, and Vaidman in 1995. This relation involves correctly guessing which of the two paths the particle would have taken, based on the initial preparation. Here [math]\displaystyle{ P }[/math] can be called the predictability. An year later Englert, in 1996, derived a related relation which dealt with experimentally acquiring knowledge of the two paths using an apparatus, as opposed to predicting the path based on initial preparation This relation is [math]\displaystyle{ D^2+ V^2\le 1 \, }[/math]. Here [math]\displaystyle{ D }[/math] is called the distinguishability. The significance of the relations is that they express quantitatively the complementarity of wave and particle viewpoints in double slit experiments. The complementarity principle in quantum mechanics, formulated by Niels Bohr, says that the wave and particle aspects of quantum objects cannot be observed at the same time. The wave–particle duality relations makes Bohr's statement more quantitative – an experiment can yield partial information about the wave and particle aspects of a photon simultaneously, but the more information a particular experiment gives about one, the less it will give about the other. The predictability [math]\displaystyle{ P }[/math] which expresses the degree of probability with which path of the particle can be correctly guessed, and the distinguishability [math]\displaystyle{ D }[/math] which is the degree to which one can experimentally acquire information about the path of the particle, are measures of the particle information, while the visibility of the fringes [math]\displaystyle{ V }[/math] is a measure of the wave information. The relations shows that they are inversely related, as one goes up, the other goes down.
  • 436
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Light Curve Classification
Light curves are plots of brightness measured over time. In the field of Space Situational Awareness (SSA), light curves of Resident Space Objects (RSOs) can be utilized to infer information about an RSO such as the type of object, its attitude, and its shape.
  • 435
  • 18 Sep 2023
Biography
R. Orin Cornett
R. Orin Cornett (November 13, 1913 – December 7, 2002) was an American physicist, university professor and administrator, and the inventor of a literacy system for the deaf, known as Cued Speech. R. (Richard) Orin Cornett was born in Driftwood, Oklahoma, a now unincorporated town near the Kansas border located in Alfalfa County, on November 14, 1913.[1] He earned his BS degree in Mathematic
  • 435
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Camelopardalis
Camelopardalis, recognized by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), is a constellation located in the northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is derived from the Latin word for "giraffe," reflecting its association with this graceful and majestic creature.
  • 433
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Metamaterials for Acoustic Noise Filtering and Energy Harvesting
The twenty-first century’s vision for Factory 4.0 requires more advanced methods for noise filtering while creating much safer and healthier environment. From various perspectives of physics, noise filtering capabilities could be addressed in multiple ways. The physics of noise control is first dissected into active and passive control mechanisms. Further different physics are categorized into different geunere to visualize their respective physics, mechanism, and target of their respective applications. Beyond traditional passive approaches, the comparatively modern concept for sound isolation and acoustic noise filtering is based on artificial metamaterials. These new materials demonstrate unique interaction with acoustic wave propagation exploiting different physics. A few multi-functional metamaterials were reported to harvest energy while filtering the ambient noise simultaneously. It was found to be extremely useful for next-generation noise applications where simultaneously, green energy could be generated from the energy which is otherwise lost. 
  • 431
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
NASA Heliophysics
NASA Heliophysics is an aspect of NASA science that enables understanding the Sun, heliosphere, and planetary environments as a single connected system. In addition to solar processes, this domain of study includes the interaction of solar plasma and solar radiation with Earth, the other planets, and the galaxy. By analyzing the connections between the Sun, solar wind, and planetary space environments, the fundamental physical processes that occur throughout the universe are uncovered. Understanding the connections between the Sun and its planets will allow for predicting the impacts of solar interaction on humans, technological systems, and even the presence of life itself. This is also the stated goal of Science Mission Directorate's Heliophysics Research.
  • 431
  • 15 Nov 2022
Biography
Richard Dronskowski
Richard Dronskowski (born 11 November 1961, in Brilon) is a German chemist and physicist. He is a full professor at the RWTH Aachen University. Dronskowski studied chemistry and physics at the University of Münster from 1981 to 1986.[1] He completed his chemistry diploma with Bernt Krebs and Arndt Simon in 1987.[1] He finished his physics diploma with Ole Krogh Andersen and Johannes Pollmann
  • 431
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Complex flow and heat transfer characteristics in microchannels
Continuously improving heat transfer efficiency is one of the important goals in the energy field. Compact heat exchangers characterized by microscale flow and heat transfer have successfully provided solutions for this purpose. However, as the characteristic scale of the channels decreases, the flow and heat transfer characteristics may differ from those at the conventional scale. When considering the influence of scale effects and changes in special fluid properties, the flow and heat transfer process becomes more complex. The conclusions of the relevant studies have not been unified, and there are even disagreements in some aspects. Therefore, further research is needed to obtain a sufficient understanding of flow structure and heat transfer mechanisms in microchannels. There are a lot of research about microscale flow and heat transfer, focusing on the flow and heat transfer mechanisms in microchannels, which is elaborated into the following two perspectives: one is the microscale single-phase flow and heat transfer that only considers the influence of scale effects, the other is the special heat transfer phenomena brought about by the coupling of microscale flow with special fluids (fluid with phase change (pseudophase change)). The microscale flow and heat transfer mechanisms under the influence of multiple factors, including scale effects (such as rarefaction, surface roughness, axial heat conduction, and compressibility) and special fluids, are investigated, which can meet the specific needs for the design of various microscale heat exchangers.
  • 431
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
List of Unnumbered Minor Planets: 2003 S–T
This is a partial list of unnumbered minor planets for principal designations assigned between 16 September 2003 and 15 October 2003 (S–T).
  • 430
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Aquarius
Aquarius, a constellation of the zodiac, is rich in mythological and astrological significance. Representing the Water Bearer in ancient Greek mythology, Aquarius is celebrated for its association with the nurturing and life-giving element of water. Positioned along the celestial equator, this constellation captivates observers with its diverse array of celestial objects and its prominent role in the astrological tradition.
  • 429
  • 29 Feb 2024
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