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Topic Review
STAT3
STAT3 is an important transcription factor that regulates cell growth and proliferation by regulating gene transcription of a plethora of genes.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Genetics and Human Traits
Each person's fingerprints are unique, which is why they have long been used as a way to identify individuals. Surprisingly little is known about the factors that influence a person's fingerprint patterns. Like many other complex traits, studies suggest that both genetic and environmental factors play a role.
  • 1.4K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Bone Tissue Engineering
Tissue engineering has promoted structures that can simulate the extracellular matrix and are capable of guiding natural bone repair using signaling molecules to promote osteoinduction and angiogenesis essential in the formation of new bone tissues.
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Cytochrome c oxidase in Insects
Flight dispersal represents a key aspect of the evolutionary and ecological success of insects, allowing escape from predators, mating, and colonization of new niches. The huge energy demand posed by flight activity is essentially met by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in flight muscle mitochondria. In insects, mitochondrial ATP supply and oxidant production are regulated by several factors, including the energy demand exerted by changes in adenylate balance. Indeed, adenylate directly regulates OXPHOS by targeting both chemiosmotic ATP production and the activities of specific mitochondrial enzymes. In several organisms, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is regulated at transcriptional, post-translational, and allosteric levels, impacting mitochondrial energy metabolism, and redox balance.
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Dietary Polyphenol Supplementation in Animals
Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites mainly known for their antioxidant properties. Their use as feed additives in the nutrition of farm animals is becoming increasingly popular as they are particularly exposed to oxidative stress which is reflected in a lipoperoxidation of the final product. For this reason, it is essential to preserve the quality and the safety of meat and milk products by attenuating oxidative deterioration. Moreover, polyphenols present the advantage of being more acceptable to the consumers than synthetic counterparts, as they are considered to be “non-toxic”.
  • 1.4K
  • 11 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Sicilian Black Pig
In the paper we report, for the first time, an overview  about  a Italian local pig breed with the aim to offer a general overview concerning the Sicilian black pig and to review the recent findings related to genome investigation. The recent use of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies in the study of autochthonous breeds genome showed that polymorphism of some candidate genes for productions performance and phenotypic traits represent important information for selection processes.The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has expressed concern about the lack of interest in local breeds compared to high-output animals and conservation programs have been implemented by various countries worldwide.  Autochthonous pig breeds represent a valuable genetic reserve to be utilized for typical products linked to italian gastronomic traditions, or for recovering some organoleptic proprieties of pork which have been lost through of severe selective programmes. Furthermore, consumers’ concerns about animal welfare, sensorial meat quality and specificity of meat products have led to increasing demand for foodstuffs obtained from local breeds reared under natural conditions. Considering that the information on the Italian local pigs is limited, it is necessary to increase a suitable activity of research to exploit these breeds and to increase the knowledge of their genetic variability. The present paper could be of great interest to the scientific community; in particular to readers of "Animals", involved in the field of animal breeding and genetics, animal genomics, and involved in local pig productions.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Bioactivities of Red Pitaya Fruits
Pitahaya, or the pitaya fruit, is a well-known member of the Cactaceae family and is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas. Pitaya fruit is classified based on the colour of pulp and peel, namely white-pulp with pink peel pitaya (Hylocereus undatus), red-pulp with pink peel pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and white-pulp with yellow skin (Hylocereus megulanthus).
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Hydrogen Bond
The hydrogen bond may be treated as a local stabilizing interaction that acts between the proton or the electron charge deficient region of hydrogen centre and the electron rich region that is related to one or more centres. This may be named as the two-sites hydrogen bond definition. However in numerous studies the A-H proton donating bond with the positively charged H-atom and the proton acceptor, say B, being the electron rich centre are taken into account. Thus so-called A-H∙∙∙B hydrogen bridges are often considered. In such a way the three-sites hydrogen bond definition may be proposed that the hydrogen bond is the A-H∙∙∙B local stabilizing system with the proton situated between two A and B electron rich sites, most often closer to one of them, forming the A-H covalent bond; both A and B may correspond to one or more atomic centres.
  • 1.4K
  • 07 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Honey Sensory and Compositional Properties
The basis of honey sensory evaluation is the description and quantification of a variety of factors relating to the perception of visual, olfactory, gustatory, and tactile characteristics. It is an essential process in improving the understanding of consumer requirements, preferences, or aversions for the evaluated honey products. This research evaluates the relationships between the sensory and compositional characteristics of a range of commercially available honeys. 
  • 1.4K
  • 06 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Lipids of Sulfolobus spp.
Archaea, and thereby, Sulfolobus spp. exhibit a unique lipid composition of ether lipids, which are altered in regard to the ratio of diether to tetraether lipids, number of cyclopentane rings and type of head groups, as a coping mechanism against environmental changes. Sulfolobales mainly consist of C40-40 tetraether lipids (caldarchaeol) and partly of C20-20 diether lipids (archaeol). A variant of caldarchaeol called glycerol dialkylnonitol tetraether (GDNT) has only been found in Sulfolobus and other members of the Creanarchaeota phylum so far. Altering the numbers of incorporated cyclopentane rings or the the diether to tetraether ratio results in more tightly packed membranes or vice versa.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Oct 2020
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