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Topic Review
Total/Subtotal Hysterectomy for the Treatment of Endometriosis
Hysterectomy is associated with risks; the risk of complications is greater in women with endometriosis. The majority of hysterectomies include removal of the cervix, but the rate of subtotal hysterectomies with retention of the cervical stump has increased in the last few decades.
  • 245
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Therapeutic Approaches to Endometriosis
Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological and systemic diseases, with a remarkable immune background. Patients suffer from pain and fertility reduction. Due to the distinct immune component, an immunotherapeutic approach may gain importance in the future. In endometriosis, shifts in the cell fractions of the immune system are well known. Moreover, hypoxia concomitant with inflammation causes a disturbed immune response. The removal of endometriosis has a therapeutic effect, normalizes the immune disorders, and remains the most effective causative treatment in terms of pain and infertility.
  • 541
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Therapeutic Applications of Probiotics
Probiotics are live microorganisms that induce health benefits to the host. Prebiotics, such as inulin and fructooligosaccharides, are nondigestible food components that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the colon, whereas synbiotics are a mixture of live microorganisms with substrates that are selectively utilized by host which can provide even more benefits than prebiotics alone.
  • 176
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Theories on the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a chronic disease, defined by abnormal presence of non-neoplastic endometrial glands and endometrial stroma outside the uterine mucosa. It is notable both for its undesirable clinical and economical consequences. Since endometriosis was described, several pathogenetic pathways have been proposed, including retrograde menstruation, so-called benign metastasis, immune dysregulation, coelomic metaplasia, hormonal disbalance, involvement of stem cells and alterations in epigenetic regulation. These theories are highlighted in the given entry. 
  • 289
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Melatonin in Pregnancy
Melatonin is a lipophilic hormone synthesized and secreted mainly in the pineal gland, acting as a neuroendocrine transducer of photoperiodic information during the night. In addition to this activity, melatonin has shown an antioxidant function and a key role as a regulator of physiological processes related to human reproduction. Several studies have evaluated its role in ovarian dysfunction, ovarian ageing, embryo maturation and gynecological cancer. 
  • 641
  • 01 Jan 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Cluster C19MC in Pre-Eclampsia Development
Pre-eclampsia is a placenta-related complication occurring in 2–10% of all pregnancies. miRNAs are a group of non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression. There is evidence that C19MC miRNAs are involved in the development of the placenta. 
  • 333
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecologic tumor and is generally resistant to conventional treatments. Stable cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important cellular components in the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment and may provide novel resources for future treatment strategies. Different subtypes of CAFs display specific functions in tumor pathogenesis and various CAF markers suggest potential treatment targets. Several clinical or preclinical trials have targeted stromal fibroblasts and focused on the properties of CAFs to enhance ovarian cancer treatment efficacy. 
  • 579
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
The Potential of Mitochondrial Antioxidants in Treating Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy hypertensive disorder that leads to fetal growth restriction, morbidity, and mortality of both the mother and fetus. Oxidative stress has been identified as one of the crucial players in pathogenesis of PE. While antioxidants have shown therapeutic benefit in preclinical models of PE, the clinical trials evaluating antioxidants (vitamin E and vitamin C) were found to be disappointing. Although the idea behind contribution of mitochondrial oxidative stress in PE is not new, recent years have seen an enormous interest in exploring mitochondrial oxidative stress as an important pathological mediator in PE. 
  • 463
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
The Interaction between Pregnancy and COVID-19
Pregnancy does not increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection but appears to worsen the clinical course of COVID-19 (e.g., increased risks of intensive care unit [ICU] admission, need for mechanical ventilation and ventilatory support, and death) compared with non-pregnant females of the same age, especially in those who are symptomatic.  The risk of an exacerbation is greatest in the third trimester. Other risk factors associated with being infected and hospitalised with COVID-19 include Black and Asian minority ethnic backgrounds, living in socioeconomically deprived areas, and working in healthcare or other public-facing occupations
  • 317
  • 11 Jul 2023
Topic Review
The Impact of Dysmenorrhea
Endometriosis in adolescent patients is a challenging problem presenting clinical and pathological differences than premenopausal women. Adolescents and young women with dysmenorrhea and painful symptoms that suggest endometriosis, should be referred to dedicated endometriosis centers for an early diagnosis and appropriate medical and surgical management
  • 121
  • 11 Sep 2023
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