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Topic Review
Fluoride (NaF) in Dentistry
Fluoride is well known for its use in the treatment of dental caries, either systemically or topically. Fluoride intake (such as in drinking water, fluoridated toothpaste, or fluoride supplements) is the cornerstone to preventing dental caries in adults and children. Fluoride prevents dental caries by slowing down the demineralization of enamel, which is caused by the interaction between dental plaque and dental hard tissues. Fluoride may inhibit tooth decay by 40–60% by co-precipitating calcium and phosphate ions and by enhancing the precipitation of fluoridated apatite. Fluoride is also found deposited as calcium fluoride in dental plaque, which helps to prevent dental caries.
  • 527
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Reducing Antifungal Resistance in Dentistry with Phytotherapy
Microorganisms of fungal origin currently show resistance to the different antifungals of conventional use, which is undoubtedly altering the oral health of human beings, but there are new therapeutic possibilities such as the active principles of various natural species. In this situation, a therapeutic option of great validity could be the use of various active components that are found in different vegetable species, which is an alternative that might decrease both the side effects that are present when using conventional drugs and the resistance to different medicines
  • 526
  • 09 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Technologies for Dentin Caries Detection
To enable conservative caries management, it is imperative that caries are detected at a non-cavitated stage. Non-cavitated caries lesions (NCCLs) have the surface of enamel still intact but in depth they can reach the enamel or dentin level. The shortcomings of traditional visual and radiographic methods to detect NCCLs highlight the need for further investigation of alternative methods for caries detection.
  • 525
  • 14 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Resin-Dentine Interfaces in Polymeric Dental Adhesives
Restorative and adhesive dentistry has witnessed extraordinary improvements after the innovations in contemporary adhesive materials. These new adhesive systems do not require any mechanical retention through features such as dovetails, grooves, sharp internal angles, and undercuts. For the success of modern restorative dentistry, these adhesive systems play a critical role, as sound tooth structure would be preserved using these newer systems. In addition, by using these contemporary and advanced adhesive systems, secondary caries due to microleakage may be reduced or eliminated.
  • 524
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Extracellular Vesicles for Dental Pulp and Periodontal Regeneration
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bound particles derived from their original cells, which play critical roles in intercellular communication through their cargoes, including protein, lipids, and nucleic acids. Status of EVs in pulp/periodontal tissue regeneration and the potential mechanisms are discussed.
  • 523
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Oral Candidosis
Oral candidosis is the most common fungal infection that frequently occurs in patients debilitated by other diseases or conditions. No candidosis happens without a cause; hence oral candidosis has been branded as a disease of the diseased. Prior research has identified oral candidosis as a mark of systemic diseases, such as hematinic deficiency, diabetes mellitus, leukopenia, HIV/AIDS, malignancies, and carbohydrate-rich diet, drugs, or immunosuppressive conditions. An array of interaction between Candida and the host is dynamic and complex. Candida exhibits multifaceted strategies for growth, proliferation, evasion of host defenses, and survival within the host to induce fungal infection. 
  • 520
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Porphyromonas gingivalis on Biomaterials
It was found that Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) was frequently found at the peri-implantitis site. P. gingivalis is a Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-motile, and non-spore-forming bacterium with several virulence factors: hyaluronidase and chondroitin sulfatase enzymes, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) capsule, fimbriae, collagenase, and aminopeptidase.
  • 516
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Toothpaste and Surface Roughness of Resin-Contained Dental Materials
Ceramic is the most used material for esthetic restorations in fixed prosthodontics. Surface roughness, translucency, resistance to wear, and mechanical properties are the main investigated characteristics of the ceramic surface. The surface roughness is one of the factors that influenced the clinical survival of prosthetic rehabilitation, optical properties, wear of the antagonist teeth, and initiation of cracks. Different factors influenced the surface roughness of the prosthetic materials, but the effect of brushing or polishing with toothpaste or prophylactic polishing pastes could be considered as one of the factors.
  • 514
  • 15 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Hypothetical Model of Clinical Remount Benefits Existing Dentures
The clinical remount procedure, which involves remounting the dentures on an articulator with interocclusal records, can effectively reduce occlusal discrepancies. This procedure can be applied not only to new dentures but also to those already in service. Performing a clinical remount on these existing dentures would enhance the oral function of the denture wearer and would enable effective and accurate correction of the accumulated errors in the jaw relationship in a stable working environment. The clinical remount procedure should be performed if a patient has poor masticatory function or occlusion-related complaints. This procedure remains an essential skill both for fabricating quality dentures and maintaining those already in service.
  • 514
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Gastrodin for Osteoporosis Treatment
Gastrodin, a traditional Chinese medicine ingredient, is widely used to treat vascular and neurological diseases. However, recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that gastrodin has anti-osteoporosis effects, and its mechanisms of action include its antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory effect, and anti-apoptotic effect. In addition, gastrodin has many unique advantages in promoting bone healing in tissue engineering, such as inducing high hydrophilicity in the material surface, its anti-inflammatory effect, and pro-vascular regeneration.  Gastrodin promotes the viability and osteogenic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells, preosteoblasts, and periodontal stem cells, and inhibits osteoclast differentiation, thereby improving bone formation and reducing bone loss.
  • 514
  • 29 Nov 2022
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