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Topic Review
Vermicomposting of Silver Wattle
Vermicomposting is the process of organic waste degradation through interactions between earthworms and microbes. A variety of organic wastes can be vermicomposted, producing a nutrient-rich final product that can be used as a soil biofertilizer. Giving the prolific invasive nature of the Australian silver wattle Acacia dealbata Link in Europe, it is important to find alternatives for its sustainable use. However, optimization of vermicomposting needs further comprehension of the fundamental microbial processes.
  • 439
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Environmental Sustainability in China
Countries encounter conflicting policy options in reaching fast development goals due to high resource use, rapid economic expansion, and environmental degradation.  The QQ regression outcomes showed that for all tails of a combination of GDP and CO2, the influence of GDP was positive. Furthermore, urbanization impacted CO2 emissions positively in the combination of quantiles of urbanization and CO2. Moreover, the effect of globalization on CO2 emissions was significant and positive for the majority of the tails. Lastly, in a majority of the quantiles, the effect of hydroelectricity consumption on CO2 emissions was negative.
  • 439
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Salt Lake, Hawaii
Salt Lake is a neighborhood of Honolulu, Hawaii on the island of O‘ahu. The area is also known as Āliamanu after a nearby crater, although Salt Lake itself is in a crater called Ālia pa‘akai — meaning "salt pond" in the Hawaiian language. The Salt Lake community was developed in the 1960s during a construction boom, providing residents with an expansive view of downtown Honolulu and the sugarcane plantations of the central plain of O‘ahu. It is a community of high-rise condominiums, mid-rise town-dwellings, and houses snaking around the remnants of a now freshwater lake. The U.S. Postal Code for Salt Lake is 96818. Salt Lake is a part of the 15th District of the Hawaii Senate, currently represented by State Senator Glenn Wakai and the 32nd District of the Hawaii House of Representatives, currently represented by Linda Ichiyama. It is also a part of Council District VII of the City and County of Honolulu, currently represented by Radiant Cordero.
  • 439
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Landscape and Climate Changes in Southeastern Amazonia
The upland lakes (ULs) in Carajás, southeastern Amazonia, have been extensively studied with respect to their high-resolution structural geology, geomorphology, stratigraphy, multielement and isotope geochemistry, palynology and limnology.
  • 439
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Spectroscopy Techniques for Monitoring the Composting Process
Composting is described as a sustainable alternative to organic waste reuse from the agricultural and household sectors. The organic matter degradation and stabilization product presents great variability due to the waste composition used. 
  • 439
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Diazotrophs Makes Corals More Resistant to Heat Stress
During bleaching, corals expel millions of their symbionts, depriving the host from its main food source. One mechanism used by corals to resist bleaching consists in exploiting food sources other than autotrophy. Among the food sources available in the reefs, dinitrogen (N2)-fixing prokaryotes or planktonic diazotrophs (hereafter called ‘PD’) have the particularity to reduce atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) and release part of this nitrogen (diazotroph-derived nitrogen or DDN) in bioavailable form. The supply of PD allowed corals to maintain minimal chlorophyll concentration and symbiont density, sustaining photosynthetic efficiency and stimulating coral growth of up to 48% compared to unfed ones. By providing an alternative source of bioavailable nitrogen and carbon, this specific planktonic diazotroph feeding may have a profound potential for coral bleaching recovery. 
  • 438
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Spruce-fir Forests
Fir and spruce forests are greatly affected by slight fluctuations in climate. Temperature is the primary determinate for spatial patterns of fir and spruce. The two dominant trees in this type of forest are Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce) and Abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir). Although thick-barked trees, such as the Pinus resinosa, frequently survive fire, the thin bark of spruce make them more vulnerable. Trees such as the Douglas fir withstand much of the fire due to the thicker bark they have. The scale of the burn mosaic during a fire, relative to species niche requirements and mobility, can have major impacts on flora and fauna dynamics.
  • 438
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Ecological Compensation and Ecosystem Function Offsets
Ecological compensation, which is widely applied, is presumed to be an important mechanism to address environmental degradation that commonly occurs due to activities related to development projects and resource use. In comparison to carbon offsets, the implementation of biodiversity offsets are more challenging due to difficulties in biodiversity measurement, determining ecological equivalence, the relatively longer time taken, the higher level of uncertainty, the uniqueness of ecosystems, and the irreversibility of species loss. Generally, there is a positive relationship between biodiversity and carbon stocks; however, there are also cases where there are no clear or even negative relationships between biodiversity and carbon stocks. Ecosystem functions are directly or indirectly affected by environmental degradation, and ecological compensation measures usually compensate for only a few components of the ecosystem functions.
  • 438
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Landscape Value Perception in Rural Development
Rural Spaces are becoming increasingly multifunctional, which requires a spatial approach that combines the natural features of the landscape with the socio-economic and cultural factors that drive its change. The understanding and evaluation of local landscapes by local populations should be considered an important benchmark for the management and conservation of these landscapes.
  • 438
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Sources and Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution
Indoor air pollution can be treated with techniques such as chemical purification, ventilation, isolation, and removing pollutions by plants (phytoremediation). Indoor air pollution can be treated with techniques such as chemical purification, ventilation, isolation, and removing pollutions by plants (phytoremediation).
  • 437
  • 08 Aug 2023
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