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Topic Review
Employment and Economic Growth
Based on the Cobb–Douglas production function, researchers developed an employment demand model to find the employment elasticity with respect to economic growth using working hours and population as explanatory variables.
  • 507
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Link between Strategic Innovation and Organizational Sustainability
The academic and practical are very acquainted with both strategic innovation (SI) and organizational sustainability (OS) at present, but there are few studies discussing the correlation between SI and OS in these two subjects. 
  • 507
  • 14 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Saudi Gig Economy
Gig labor in Saudi Arabia is consistent with the nation’s Vision 2030 objectives. This strategic vision prioritizes equal opportunities for everyone, revamps the education system to match market needs, and acknowledges the pivotal role of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in driving economic growth.
  • 507
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Individual Savings Account
An Individual Savings Account (ISA; /ˈaɪsə/) is a class of retail investment arrangements available to residents of the United Kingdom. It qualifies for a favourable tax status. Payments into the account are made from after-tax income. The account is exempt from income tax and capital gains tax on the investment returns, and no tax is payable on money withdrawn from the scheme either. Cash and a broad range of investments can be held within the arrangement, and there is no restriction on when or how much money can be withdrawn. Funds cannot be used as security for a loan. Until the Lifetime ISA was introduced in 2017 it was not a specific retirement product, but any type can be a useful tool for retirement planning alongside pensions.
  • 506
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Supply Chain Resilience
Supply chain resilience refers to the ability of a supply chain to cope with the risk of supply chain disruption and quickly return to its original performance after a disruption. For firms, supply chain resilience can be improved by adopting redundancy, flexibility, visibility, collaboration, backup suppliers, safety stocks, etc.
  • 505
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Income Inequality and Race/Ethnicity Drive Obesity
Obesity is a major public health problem both globally and within the U.S. It varies by multiple factors, including but not limited to income and sex. After controlling for potential covariates, there is little evidence to determine the association between income and obesity and how obesity may be moderated by sex and family income. We examined the association between income and obesity in U.S. adults aged 20 years and older, and tested whether this relationship differs by race or ethnicity groups. For this analysis, we used data from the 1999–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Obesity was determined using Body Mass Index ≥ 30 kg/m2; the Gini coefficient (GC) was calculated to measure income inequality using the Poverty Income Ratio (PIR). We categorized the PIR into five quintiles to examine the relationship between income inequality and obesity. For the first set of analyses, we used a modified Poisson regression in a sample of 36,665 adults, with an almost equal number of men and women (women’s ratio was 50.6%), including 17,303 white non-Hispanics (WNH), 7475 black non-Hispanics (BNHs), and 6281 Mexican Americans. The models included age, racial/ethnic groups, marital status, education, health behaviors (smoking and drinking status and physical activities), health insurance coverage, self-reported health, and household structure (live alone and size of household). Adjusting for potential confounders, our findings showed that the association between PIR and obesity was positive and significant more frequently among WNH and BNH in middle and top PIR quintiles than among lower-PIR quintiles; this association was not significant in Mexican Americans (MAs). Results of GC in obese women showed that in comparison with WNHs (GC: 0.34, S.E.: 0.002), BNHs (GC: 0.38, S.E.: 0.004) and MAs (GC: 0.41, S.E.: 0.006) experienced higher income inequality, and that BNH obese men experienced the highest income inequality (GC: 0.45, S.E.: 0.011). The association between PIR and obesity was significant among WNHs and BNHs men in the 3rd, 4th and 5th PIR quintiles. The same association was not found for women. In treating obesity, policymakers should consider not only race/ethnicity and sex, but also strategies to reduce inequality in income. 
  • 505
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Online Music Store
An online music store is an online business which sells audio files over the Internet, usually sound recordings of music songs or classical pieces, in which the user pays on a per-song or subscription basis. It may be differentiated from music streaming services in that the online music store sells the purchaser the actual digital music file, while streaming services offer the patron partial or full listening without the actually owning the source file. However, online music stores generally offer partial streaming previews of songs, with some songs even available for full length listening. Online music stores typically show a picture of the album art or of the performer or band for each song. Some online music stores also sell recorded speech files, such as podcasts and video files of movies.
  • 504
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Audio Non-Fungible Tokens
Crypto, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and the metaverse have taken a massive place in people's daily conversations and are highly valued. Moreover, NFTs range from luxury fashion to art, and sound is no exception, although it still needs to be explored. 
  • 504
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Cloud Enterprise Resource Planning
Cloud enterprise resource planning (ERP) is one of the most sought-after information technology (IT) solutions for improving business performance due to its affordability, scalability, and pay-per-use subscription model. The impact of cloud ERP implementation on business performance, on the other hand, remains inconclusive. Additionally, an important factor that transverses all organizational processes, including IT implementation, is top management support (TMS).
  • 504
  • 20 May 2022
Topic Review
Taxes in Cross-Border Supply Chain Modeling
The tax policies in different sovereigns bring new challenges to the operators of CBSC, especially for the SMEs with weak capital risk resistance. The resulting tax-related costs will significantly affect the firms’performance and consumers' utility. Therefore, the interface between CBSC operations and tax planning has aroused broad concern from the industry.
  • 504
  • 17 Jan 2022
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