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Topic Review
Fungi Found in Libraries
Libraries contain a large amount of organic material, frequently stored with inadequate climate control; thus, mold growth represents a considerable threat to library buildings and their contents.
  • 409
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Emissions Trading
Carbon emissions trading is a market-oriented policy tool aimed at controlling greenhouse gas emissions. It addresses the issue of environmental resource constraints by clarifying property rights and transferring the costs of carbon-dioxide-emitting enterprises to society through market-oriented means. The specific transaction method involves allocating carbon emission rights to various enterprises based on a comprehensive assessment of the environmental capacity and resource status in the region, as well as the total amount of carbon dioxide control. This creates a market where enterprises can trade carbon emission rights.
  • 260
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Big Data Usage in European Countries
Big data refers to the vast amount of structured and unstructured data generated in the digital era. It provides opportunities for analysis, prediction, and optimization. In Europe, big data is being increasingly used by businesses, organizations, and governments to gain insights and make informed decisions. However, the adoption and utilization of big data technologies vary across different European countries due to factors like infrastructure, policies, regulations, data privacy concerns, and digital maturity. Presented study aims to explore these variations, providing valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and businesses. It seeks to inform policy decisions, support business strategies, and enhance the understanding of big data in Europe.
  • 208
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Business Simulation Games in the 21st Century
Business simulation games are interactive tools used in education to enhance learning experiences. They allow students to apply theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios, fostering skills like critical thinking and problem-solving. These games simulate real-world situations, providing a safe environment for students to experiment and learn. They offer a dynamic and interactive platform that encourages active participation and drives higher levels of understanding. Research in this field has identified trends and topics through systematic reviews, but has seen a stagnation since the 2000s. Despite this, the technology for these games is mature and continues to balance between learning-driven and domain-driven research.
  • 170
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Subject–Action–Object Structure and Patent Image Features
Patent application is one of the important ways to protect innovation achievements that have great commercial value for enterprises; it is the initial step for enterprises to set the business development track, as well as a powerful means to protect their core competitiveness. Manual measurement in patent detection is slow, costly, and subjective, and can only play an auxiliary role in measuring the validity of patents. Protecting the inventive achievements of patent holders and realizing more accurate and effective patent detection were the issues explored by academics. There are five main methods to measure patent similarity: clustering-based method, vector space model (VSM)-based method, subject–action–object (SAO) structure-based method, deep learning-based method, and patent structure-based method. 
  • 113
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
The Multifaceted Sensemaking Theory
There are several key sensemaking models and theories that have attracted a lot of attention among researchers and practitioners. The adaptation and application of sensemaking has varied by field of study, organizational type, and industry. Sensemaking has been acknowledged as the catalyst for shifting research focus from a system-centered to user-centered phenomena in the field of information sciences. Sensemaking has also shifted the focus away from sender and receiver transactions in communications studies to constructions that are entangled with time, places, and perspectives.
  • 95
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Responsible Research Assessment and Research Information Management Systems
In the context of open science, universities, research-performing and funding organizations and authorities worldwide are moving towards more responsible research assessment (RRA). In 2022, the European Coalition for Advancing Research Assessment (CoARA) published an agreement with ten commitments, including the recognition of the “diversity of contributions to, and careers in, research”, the “focus on qualitative evaluation for which peer review is central, supported by responsible use of quantitative indicators”, and the “abandon (of) inappropriate uses in research assessment of journal- and publication-based metrics”. Research assessment (RA) is essential for research of the highest quality. The transformation of assessment indicators and procedures directly affects the underlying research information management infrastructures (also called current research information systems) which collect and store metadata on research activities and outputs. This entry investigates the impact of RRA on these systems, on their development and implementation, their data model and governance, including digital ethics.
  • 94
  • 30 May 2024
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