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Topic Review
Disabled Children in Disaster Management
The definition of disabilities varies widely, with different individuals and institutions having their own definitions. According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF): “There remains, however, the difficult question of how best to refer to individuals who experience some degree of functional limitation or restriction. ICF uses the term ‘disability’ to denote a multidimensional phenomenon resulting from the interaction between people and their physical and social environment. For a variety of reasons, when referring to individuals, some prefer to use the term ‘people with disabilities while others prefer ‘disabled people’”. The definition of disaster means “a sudden calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, or destruction”. In the present work, disasters include both natural disasters (also known as natural hazards) and human-made emergencies. Natural disasters are natural events created by the natural forces of the earth, including earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, floods, wildfires, snowstorms, droughts, sinkholes, and climate change. Human-made emergencies are disastrous events caused by human actions, such as terrorist attacks, pandemic outbreaks, suicides, oil spills, nuclear leakages, and bomb explosions. Disaster management refers to government efforts to manage all kinds of hazards to ensure and protect the welfare of the people with the support of various partners, including voluntary organizations, businesses, and local communities.
  • 918
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Disaster Risk Reduction Education
The integration of disaster risk reduction efforts with natural science learning tools can effectively increase students’ preparedness in facing disasters. Learning tools developed for students might include syllabus, lesson plans, student worksheets, and handouts. In addition, the design of inclusive tools for disaster education programs focused on children and young people with disabilities needs to be worked with a differentiated instruction strategy so that their perceptions and knowledge regarding disasters and their role to build resilience is proper for their reality.
  • 688
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
DISC Assessment
DISC is a behaviour self-assessment tool originally based on the 1928 DISC emotional and behavioural theory of psychologist William Moulton Marston, which centred on four personality traits: Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, and Compliance. This theory was then developed into a behavioural assessment tool by industrial psychologist Walter Vernon Clarke. Personality expert and researcher, Merrick Rosenberg, notably innovated on the contemporary application of the DISC model as it applies to team development, interpersonal relationships, and American presidential campaigns. DISC has not been scientifically evaluated.
  • 4.0K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Discovery District
The Discovery District is one of the commercial districts in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It has a high concentration of hospitals and research institutions, particularly those related to biotechnology. The district is roughly bounded by Bloor Street on the north, Bay Street on the east, Dundas Street on the south, and Spadina Avenue on the west.
  • 299
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Discrimination
Discrimination is the unjust or prejudicial treatment of individuals or groups based on certain characteristics such as race, gender, age, religion, sexual orientation, or other distinguishing features. It involves the act of making distinctions or differentiating between people in a way that results in unequal opportunities, privileges, or access to resources. Discrimination can manifest in various forms, including direct actions, policies, or practices that may intentionally or unintentionally disadvantage certain individuals or communities based on perceived differences. It is a social issue that contributes to systemic inequalities and can have significant consequences for the well-being, opportunities, and overall experiences of those who are targeted. Legal frameworks and human rights initiatives aim to address and prevent discrimination, promoting principles of equality, justice, and inclusivity in societies around the world.
  • 291
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Disinformation Perception by Digital and Social Audiences: Threat Awareness, Decision-Making and Trust in Media Organizations
The effects of disinformation in the media and social networks have been extensively studied from the perspective of reception studies. However, the perception of this media phenomenon expressed by different types of audiences in distant geographic locations and with different media cultures has hardly been addressed by experts. This theoretical review study aims to analyze the relationship between the actual level of disinformation and the perception expressed by the audiences themselves. The results of the study reveal, firstly, that users of social networks and digital media do not perceive being surrounded by an excessively worrying volume of disinformation, a fact that contrasts with the data recorded, which are visibly higher. This situation reveals that the audience tends to normalize disinformation, which is intensively consumed on a daily basis and does not seem to worry the public in general terms, although some differences can be detected depending on variables such as gender, age or education. On the other hand, paradoxically, audiences visibly express rejection attitudes towards the channels that disseminate false information, with media outlets being the least trusted, despite recognizing that social networks are the place where more disinformation is generated and circulated at the same time.
  • 714
  • 02 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Disparity of Density in the Age of Mobility
High mobility has promoted the concentration of people’s aggregation in urban areas. As people pursue areas with higher density, gentrification and sprawl become more serious. Disadvantaged people are then pushed out of urban centers.  Conversely, as mobility increases, the disadvantaged may also migrate in pursuit of their desired density. As a result, disparities relative to density and housing may shrink. Hence, migration is a complex system. 
  • 365
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Distance Education
Distance learning is a type of education in which students and their lecturers are separated, i.e., they reside in different physical locations, and the instruction between them is communicated using different technologies
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Distance Education in Europe
During the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, teaching and learning changed massively. Instead of learning in a common place—the classroom—at a common time, the pandemic situation led to a spatial and temporal separation of students and teachers. This unforeseen and unprepared phase of distance education that occurred in spring 2020 is termed emergency remote teaching . The term ERT describes the temporary shift of instruction to distance and the rapid establishment of alternative ways to teach in order to maintain some form of school education. Teaching during ERT was mostly achieved by the means of digital media and the internet. This reorganization of the teaching “shocked teachers at all levels and at the same time inspired them to find solutions to problems they have not encountered before”. As part of the urgent search for new teaching methods and the need to find creative solutions to the problems they faced, teachers all over the world aimed to develop a new form of continuity in education: the implementation of online education as the “new normal”.
  • 824
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Distress Tolerance
Distress tolerance is an emerging construct in psychology that has been conceptualized in several different ways. Broadly, however, it refers to an individual's "perceived capacity to withstand negative emotional and/or other aversive states (e.g. physical discomfort), and the behavioral act of withstanding distressing internal states elicited by some type of stressor." Some definitions of distress tolerance have also specified that the endurance of these negative events occur in contexts in which methods to escape the distressor exist.
  • 261
  • 15 Nov 2022
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