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Topic Review
Decision Making: Models, Processes, Techniques
The content is sourced from: https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CCDS/article/view/3284/1542 Decision-making is one of the steps in problem-solving that can be applied in manifold areas from personal situations to the management of organizations. There are functions and processes to lead to making a decision; however, it may sound complicated to select between decision-making models and approaches as different factors and different outcomes get involved in the decision-making process. 
  • 377
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Declaration of War
A declaration of war is a formal act by which one state goes to war against another. The declaration is a performative speech act (or the signing of a document) by an authorized party of a national government, in order to create a state of war between two or more states. The legality of who is competent to declare war varies between nations and forms of government. In many nations, that power is given to the head of state or sovereign. In other cases, something short of a full declaration of war, such as a letter of marque or a covert operation, may authorise war-like acts by privateers or mercenaries. The official international protocol for declaring war was defined in the Hague Convention (III) of 1907 on the Opening of Hostilities. Since 1945, developments in international law such as the United Nations Charter, which prohibits both the threat and the use of force in international conflicts, have made declarations of war largely obsolete in international relations. The UN Security Council, under powers granted in articles 24 and 25, and Chapter VII of the Charter, may authorize collective action to maintain or enforce international peace and security. Article 51 of the United Nations (UN) Charter also states that: "Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right to individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a state." Few nations have formally declared war upon another since then. In addition to this, non-state or terrorist organizations may claim to or be described as "declaring war" when engaging in violent acts. These declarations may have no legal standing in themselves, but they may still act as a call to arms for supporters of these organizations.
  • 6.0K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Deep and Meaningful E-Learning
Deep and meaningful e-learning should be an essential outcome of quality education.
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review Video Peer Reviewed
Deep Meaningful Learning
Deep meaningful learning is the higher-order thinking and development through manifold active intellectual engagement aiming at meaning construction through pattern recognition and concept association. It includes inquiry, critical thinking, creative thinking, problem-solving, and metacognitive skills. It is a theory with a long academic record that can accommodate the demand for excellence in teaching and learning at all levels of education. Its achievement is verified through knowledge application in authentic contexts. 
  • 1.5K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Defining Infidelity
The experience of infidelity can be a traumatic affair that ruptures an individual's expectation of their most significant person. Its impact can cause significant emotional, psychological, and cognitive dysfunction for all parties involved. And although its definition is fluid, infidelity can occur in several different ways.
  • 686
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Definition and Mechanistic Description of Urban-Rural Integration Development
Urban-rural integration has been found to be an inevitable trend in the development of urban-rural relations and a vital measure to tackle the unbalanced and uncoordinated development between urban and rural areas. The urban–rural relationship is a vital issue in human social development and has aroused wide attention from scholars worldwide. Urban-rural integration is an advanced stage in the development of urban-rural relations and reflects the evolution of urban-rural relations, which can be traced back to the urban-rural development concept of the ideal socialists.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Definitional Skills as a Bridge towards School Achievement
Definition is a complex linguistic and metalinguistic skill that allows explicitation and clarification of concepts and meanings. Our research showed that scientific school-subjects marks (i.e., Math and Science) are more predictive of definitional skills than linguistic school marks are (i.e., Italian and English). Results, yet preliminary, suggest that definitional skills are predicted from levels of competence acquired especially in scientific subjects that request a high degree of formal/organized learning. 
  • 411
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Deindividuation
Deindividuation is a concept in social psychology that is generally thought of as the loss of self-awareness in groups, although this is a matter of contention (resistance) (see below). Sociologists also study the phenomenon of deindividuation, but the level of analysis is somewhat different. For the social psychologist, the level of analysis is the individual in the context of a social situation. As such, social psychologists emphasize the role of internal psychological processes. Other social sciences, such as sociology, are more concerned with broad social, economic, political, and historical factors that influence events in a given society.
  • 760
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Delirium
Delirium is a set of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including qualitative disturbances of consciousness and attention, which may be accompanied by cognitive deficits and psychotic symptoms. The incidence of delirium varies from several percent in patients hospitalized in general wards up to 80% in patients with multi-organ failure treated in intensive care units. Delirium worsens the prognosis, extends hospitalization time, and may increase mortality.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Delusional Disorder
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) defines delusional disorder (DD) as the presence of one or more delusions, lasting for at least one month or longer, in the absence of affective symptoms, prominent hallucinations or other symptoms of schizophrenia. The prevalence of DD is estimated to be approximately 0.2%. Subtypes of DD have been categorized according to the content of the primary delusion: persecutory, jealous, erotomanic, somatic, grandiose, mixed and unspecified.
  • 586
  • 08 Dec 2020
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