Topic Review
High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Policy in Japan
The researchers comprehensively reviewed the fundamental policies and procedures formulated by the government concerning the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal. The discussion encompasses an assessment of the Second Progress Report and concrete geological disposal methodologies. Additionally, the investigation delves into strategies for minimizing waste and procedures for selecting suitable sites for disposal repositories, including both local siting protocols and nationwide mapping approaches.
  • 399
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Gamification Approaches for Computational Thinking
The integration of computational thinking (CT) in mathematics education is increasingly important due to its intersections with mathematical thinking and its role in the 21st century.
  • 262
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Experiences of Parenting Multiple Expressions of Relationally Challenging Childhood Behaviours across Contexts
This entry delves into the parenting literature and reveals the complexities, perspectives, and multiple expressions of parenting challenging childhood behavior that distress or negatively impact the parent-child relationship so that we can better understand how to support families who are struggling to cope. The entry specifically focuses on the period of transition to school for children aged five to eight years. This transition can illuminate vulnerabilities previously hidden as children attempt to navigate the demands of their unfamiliar environment, meaning that parents can experience distress and emotional challenges. The entry explores the various expressions of relationally challenging behavior and comments on the intersectionality and reciprocity of explicit and implicit expressions of affect such as frustration and anxiety. To gain context, the entry examines common antecedents associated with relationally challenging behavior, such as academic comparison, forming friendships, hidden neurodiverse development, neglect, attachment dysfunction, and family conflict. Qualitative literature enriches understanding and identifies problems such as parental distress related to social stigma and minority stress and reveals specific struggles, including stress, related to homeschooling children with special educational needs, homeschooling during the recent pandemic, single parenting, grandparenting, parenting neurodiverse children, and the triangulated tensions that exist between the parent, the child, and the school. Holding in mind these diverse and context-orientated perspectives, this entry examines research that evaluates helpfulness and illuminates deficiencies of popular structured parent programs. Lastly, the entry identifies and illuminates the need to know more about the ways in which parent programs work, and it is anticipated that this new knowledge will help practitioners to better respond to the complexities of need and expectations of families who struggle to cope with relationally challenging behavior.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Brazilian Urban Policy: Sustainability as a Driving Force
Defining global themes such as Urban Policy, Urban Sustainability, and even the Right to the City (RTTC) is fundamental to stimulating and establishing a continuous dialogue with the scientific community, mainly in the social sciences. Thus, understanding the dynamics around the scope of urban sustainability requires an analysis that is focused on multiple global realities. Taking a holistic view of Brazilian Urban Policy, this entry looks at the historical contexts that make urban sustainability the driving force behind this policy. In addition, an interdisciplinary consideration of urban sustainability is proposed using an analysis that is based on the connection between urban policies and social functions that reflect the idea of a sustainable city. The results of this analysis also point to the need for a continuous debate on the subject that primarily promotes new discoveries; this is so that the driving force of urban policy can gain new meanings and new guidelines can be implemented.
  • 924
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Sleep Paralysis and Lucid Dreaming
Sleep paralysis and lucid dreams are two states of consciousness that are connected to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep but are defined by higher awareness in contrast to regular REM sleep. Despite these similarities, the two states differ widely in their emotional tone and their perceived controllability.
  • 1.0K
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Adopting Smart Technology in Rural Regions
Smart Technology is a quickly and constantly evolving concept; it has different applications that cover a wide range of areas, such as healthcare, education, business, agriculture, and manufacturing. An effective application of these technologies increases productivity and performance within complex systems. Researchers targets Rural Regions and their Sustainable Development.
  • 582
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Disparity of Density in the Age of Mobility
High mobility has promoted the concentration of people’s aggregation in urban areas. As people pursue areas with higher density, gentrification and sprawl become more serious. Disadvantaged people are then pushed out of urban centers.  Conversely, as mobility increases, the disadvantaged may also migrate in pursuit of their desired density. As a result, disparities relative to density and housing may shrink. Hence, migration is a complex system. 
  • 365
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Adaptive Learning Framework in UAE Public Schools
Educational systems are under intense pressure from the technological revolution, which demands graduates who can use new technologies to tackle critical societal issues in innovative and crucial ways. The Adaptive Learning Framework (Alef) is a smart learning program that is mandated in United Arab Emirates (UAE) public schools to promote student-centered, interactive, and differentiated learning and personalized experiences. 
  • 417
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone has an area of 72,325 km2 and is bordered in the northeast by the Republic of Guinea, in the south and southeast by the Republic of Liberia, and in the west by the North Atlantic Ocean. 
  • 608
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Tourism Development in Uzbekistan
Tourism is one of the fastest-growing and most visible sectors of the global economy, contributing significantly to boosting a nation’s economy. Tourism-led economic growth considering sustainable approaches is becoming increasingly important in public policy. Urban and regional studies have begun to focus on the sustainability of tourism from social, economic, environmental, and cultural perspectives.
  • 869
  • 22 May 2023
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