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Positioning Theory in Education
Positioning theory is a social theorization that aims to capture the dynamic analysis of conversations and discourses taking place in a social setting. Conversations as part of language assume interlocutors. As one engages in the interactive speech acts in the social setting, there comes the importance of interlocutors involved in these speech acts in creating a social reality, as language forms the knowledge of reality. Certain types of rights and duties can be observed in interactions between speakers and hearers in a social communicative context of interlocutors. The cluster of rights and duties, recognized in a certain social setting, can be termed as a position. One of the critical aspects is that positions are not always intentional or even conscious. Therefore, positioning theory has been redefined as a method of analysis with a focus on storylines. Storylines reveal implicit ascriptions and resistances of rights and duties through the performance of a variety of actions in a social setting where appropriateness of social acts are established and recognized by the participants engaged within the social situation. The education setting presents a dynamic situation where a variety of moral orders come into actions that set possibilities for different actors to engage in shifting positioning to accomplish certain educational actions. This entry presents the use of positioning theory in an educational setting.
  • 728
  • 05 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Individuals with High Metacognitive Ability
To clarify whether this relationship exists, the current study used eye tracking techniques and vocal thinking reports to explore creativity differences in individuals with different levels of metacognitive ability.
  • 251
  • 04 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Education and Sustainable Development Goals
In order to improve the standard of living for future generations, sustainable development—the UN’s overarching paradigm—seeks to develop environmental, social, and economic goals in a balanced manner. To maintain the well-being of both humanity and the planet, the United Nations General Assembly’s 70th session outlined 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a framework for future global development from 2015 to 2030 after the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) expired. 
  • 360
  • 04 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Engineering Students’ Difficulties with Math Courses
The discussion about first-year engineering students’ difficulties in mathematics is continuous in the fields of engineering, mathematics and higher education. The present research aimed to examine the initial barriers academic math teachers need to have in mind if they want to improve students’ performance in engineering math courses through appropriate teaching practices in order to face their initial interindividual differences.
  • 377
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Gender Equality in the Indian Agricultural Sector
The Indian agricultural sector is the world’s largest producer of pulses, milk, and jute, and the second-largest producer of rice, wheat, vegetables, fruit, and cotton. Climate change threatens food security worldwide and severely impacts the Indian agricultural sector. As a result of the unpredictable climate and low profits, economic uncertainty has forced men to seek employment in non-farming sectors. Under the deepening crisis, the farming landscape is transforming into a female-majority workforce. 
  • 360
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Motivation and Passion for Research in E-Learning
The advent of the distance education system was a direct response to the challenges brought forth by the information and knowledge revolution in the modern era. To overcome the constraints of time and location, contemporary techniques and tools such as e-learning and digital technology are being employed in university education for conveying information to students. The effectiveness of this approach is contingent upon the design of the technological educational environment and the consideration given to its fundamental components. Additionally, a multitude of studies have emphasized the urgent need for interactive learning environments that actively engage students, foster their motivation to persist in learning, and augment their ability to apply the acquired knowledge in real-life situations.
  • 381
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Creativity of Deaf and Typical Hearing People
Human creativity is viewed as a talent that is considered a source of success with an impact on human society. In the history of human society, appreciation has been given to creative problem solving or the development of completely new things in all areas of society, including culture. The individual aspect of creativity is marked by the ability to view the current reality from an unconventional perspective and thus bring new and unconventional solutions. Creativity is also considered to be an important manifestation of a person’s intellectual functioning. For the learning process, both in schooling and as an important part of human life, creativity is one of the important supporting factors. The level of creativity of an individual can be assessed using performance measures derived from creative thinking.
  • 329
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
STEM-Based Teaching in Learning
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education promotes innovation and creativity and provides learners with the opportunity to develop critical thinking, problem solving, and analytical skills, which are all essential for sustainable development. When these skills are applied to real-world situations, they can help to address social, economic, and environmental challenges. STEM education can foster new solutions and technologies that contribute to sustainable development. 
  • 244
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Environmental Design for People Living with Dementia
The term ‘environmental design for dementia’ relates to both the process and outcomes of designing to support or improve cognitive accessibility in physical environments. Environmental design for dementia is evidenced as an effective nonpharmacological intervention for treatment of the symptoms of dementia and is associated with higher levels of independence and wellbeing for people living with a variety of age-related cognitive, physical, and sensory impairments. Evidence-based dementia design principles have been established as a means of supporting both the design and evaluation of environmental design for dementia.
  • 509
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Social Cohesion: Definitions, Causes and Consequences
Viewed as the glue that binds societies, social cohesion is considered an essential ingredient to address common societal challenges. Definitions and associated conceptual frameworks usually summarise social cohesion as collective attributes and behaviours characterised by positive social relations, a sense of identification or belonging, and an orientation towards the common good. However, there are a large variety of definitions, and disagreement exists about what constitutes the core components, causes and consequences of social cohesion.
  • 886
  • 30 Aug 2023
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