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Topic Review
Student Experience and Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 prompted higher education institutions in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to switch to online learning for the safety of their citizens.
  • 456
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Government Intervention in Poor Areas of Rural China
The relationship between government intervention and cooperative development has always been a source of controversy in the developing world. In the context of the “targeted poverty alleviation” program (2015–2020), a government-led campaign covering all poverty-stricken villages in west China, cooperative development was listed by the central government as a criterion for evaluating successful intervention at the county government level. Government intervention is crucial in building cooperative ecosystems in poor regions of China.
  • 123
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Peer Assisted Learning and Metacognition
The undergraduate postsecondary experience is a powerful and rich environment for student development academically, socially, and personally. This takes place in the classroom, in co-curricular activities, in work activities, in interpersonal relationships, and through personal reflection. 
  • 261
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Alcohol and the German Wine Market
Beverages are a central part of our daily diet. As new products enter the global beverage market, water; juices; soft drinks; and alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, and spirits are no longer limited to a handful of brands and varieties. Due to their constant consumption, beverages have been the focus of nutrition research for years. The fundamental scientific findings on the health effects of certain ingredients are an important part of the global health policy debate on reducing harmful consumption patterns. In the German beverage market, a shift in consumption has become apparent: away from alcoholic beverages and towards non-alcoholic alternatives. This indicates a tradeoff between two important and nutritionally relevant substances: alcohol and sugar.
  • 224
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Rent Regulation in Portugal
The regulation has a significant impact on tenant–landlord relations and the overall functioning of the private rented sector. Different forms of rent regulation—in relation to rent levels, rent increases, security of tenure, etc.—also affect the quality, the social composition and, ultimately, the size of the private rented sector. Together they affect the character of much urban regeneration and renewal. The introduction in Portugal of more flexible rent regimes that aimed to gradually replace open-ended tenancies with freely negotiated contracts led researchers to classify the country as a free market system. 
  • 745
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Enhance Students’ Learning and Engagement during Inquiry-Based Science
Much attention over the last two decades has been given to inquiry-based learning in science as a way of capturing students’ interest and participation in learning. However, while the research on inquiry-based learning consistently demonstrates that students do attain higher learning outcomes than peers who are taught by traditional transmission approaches, little research has been attached to researching the key elements of this approach that contribute to its success.
  • 236
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
esg2go
‘esg2go’ is a sustainability rating and reporting system that aims at reducing bias while improving coherence and practicality in corporate sustainability assessment. It does so through a rigorous rating methodology that enables the measurement and comparison of sustainability performance, taking into account firm size, industry category, and win–win potential for the firm, as well as for sustainability.
  • 234
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Remote UAS Pilots and Possible National Airspace Risk
The proliferation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the United States National Airspace System (NAS) has resulted in an increasing number of close encounters between manned aircraft and UAS, which correlates with the increasing number of remote pilots in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airmen database. 
  • 163
  • 20 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Sense of Presence for Human Behavior Studies
Sense of presence is a key element of the user experience in the study of virtual environments. Understanding it is essential for disciplines, such as architecture and environmental psychology, that study human responses using simulated environments.
  • 227
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Understanding the Mental Health of Doctoral Students
Doctoral degrees include Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and other professional doctorates such as Engineering Doctorate (EngD), Doctor of Education (EdD) or Doctor of Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy). Unlike undergraduate or postgraduate taught students, doctoral students focus upon a single, autonomous piece of research. Research indicates a high occurrence of mental health problems, mental distress, and symptoms of anxiety or depression in doctoral students. Additionally, there is concern that they may be less likely to disclose existing mental health problems or access support services than undergraduate or postgraduate taught students. This entry explores the known factors that contribute to the mental health of doctoral students studying in the United Kingdom.
  • 370
  • 19 Dec 2023
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